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Explaining The Industrial Transition: A Non-malthusian Perspective

机译：解释产业转型：非马尔萨斯主义的视角

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The large-scale structure of world economic history exhibits three steady states punctuated by two phase transitions. The first transition arrived with the domestication of plants and animals; the second with the invention of engines capable of converting thermal to mechanical energy for applications in mining, manufacturing, and transportation. Yet, although both transitions led to increases in the absolute size of the economy, they affected the standard of living differently. Whereas the Industrial Revolution resulted in sustained growth in real per capita income for more than two centuries, over nine millennia the Agricultural Revolution spent itself in population growth that left per capita income insignificantly higher, and possibly lower than the level prevailing under hunting and gathering. This pattern raises three fundamental questions in economic history: why did the first great technological transition produce secular stasis in living standards? Why has the second yielded both steady growth in population and rising living standards? What triggered the transition from the stationary agricultural state to the progressive industrial state?
机译：世界经济史的大规模结构表现出三个稳态，其间存在两个相变。第一个过渡是植物和动物的驯化。第二点是发明了能够将热能转换成机械能用于采矿，制造和运输的发动机。然而，尽管两种转变都导致经济绝对规模的增加，但它们对生活水平的影响却不同。工业革命导致实际人均收入持续增长了两个多世纪，而在九千年的时间里，农业革命花费了自己的人口增长，使人均收入显着提高，甚至可能低于狩猎和采集时的普遍水平。这种模式在经济史上提出了三个基本问题：为什么第一次重大技术转型会导致人们生活水平的长期停滞？为什么第二个人口既使人口稳定增长又使生活水平提高了？是什么触发了从固定农业状态到先进工业状态的转变？

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