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Interfacing theories of program with theories of evaluation for advancing evaluation practice: Reductionism, systems thinking, and pragmatic synthesis

机译：程序理论与评估理论的衔接，以推进评估实践：还原论，系统思维和语用综合

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摘要

Theories of program and theories of evaluation form the foundation of program evaluation theories. Theories of program reflect assumptions on how to conceptualize an intervention program for evaluation purposes, while theories of evaluation reflect assumptions on how to design useful evaluation. These two types of theories are related, but often discussed separately. This paper attempts to use three theoretical perspectives (reductionism, systems thinking, and pragmatic synthesis) to interface them and discuss the implications for evaluation practice. Reductionism proposes that an intervention program can be broken into crucial components for rigorous analyses; systems thinking view an intervention program as dynamic and complex, requiring a holistic examination. In spite of their contributions, reductionism and systems thinking represent the extreme ends of a theoretical spectrum; many real-world programs, however, may fall in the middle. Pragmatic synthesis is being developed to serve these moderate complexity programs. These three theoretical perspectives have their own strengths and challenges. Knowledge on these three perspectives and their evaluation implications can provide a better guide for designing fruitful evaluations, improving the quality of evaluation practice, informing potential areas for developing cutting-edge evaluation approaches, and contributing to advancing program evaluation toward a mature applied science. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：程序理论和评价理论构成了程序评价理论的基础。程序理论反映了有关如何将干预程序概念化以进行评估的假设，而评估理论则反映了有关如何设计有用的评估的假设。这两种类型的理论是相关的，但经常分开讨论。本文尝试使用三种理论视角（还原主义，系统思维和语用综合）将它们联系起来，并讨论其对评估实践的意义。还原主义提出，可以将干预计划分解为进行严格分析的关键组成部分。系统思维将干预计划视为动态且复杂的，需要进行全面检查。尽管他们做出了贡献，但还原主义和系统思维代表了理论范围的极端。但是，许多现实世界的程序可能位于中间。正在开发实用综合服务于这些中等复杂性程序。这三种理论观点各有千秋。对这三种观点及其评估含义的了解可以为设计富有成效的评估，提高评估实践的质量，为开发前沿评估方法的潜在领域提供信息以及为推进计划评估迈向成熟的应用科学提供更好的指南。 （C）2016 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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