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GETEMME—a mission to explore the Martian satellites and the fundamentals of solar system physics

机译：GETEMME-探索火星卫星和太阳系物理学基础知识的任务

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GETEMME (Gravity, Einstein’s Theory, and Exploration of the Martian Moons’ Environment), a mission which is being proposed in ESA’s Cosmic Vision program, shall be launched for Mars on a Soyuz Fregat in 2020. The spacecraft will initially rendezvous with Phobos and Deimos in order to carry out a comprehensive mapping and characterization of the two satellites and to deploy passive Laser retro-reflectors on their surfaces. In the second stage of the mission, the spacecraft will be transferred into a lower 1500-km Mars orbit, to carry out routine Laser range measurements to the reflectors on Phobos and Deimos. Also, asynchronous two-way Laser ranging measurements between the spacecraft and stations of the ILRS (International Laser Ranging Service) on Earth are foreseen. An onboard accelerometer will ensure a high accuracy for the spacecraft orbit determination. The inversion of all range and accelerometer data will allow us to determine or improve dramatically on a host of dynamic parameters of the Martian satellite system. From the complex motion and rotation of Phobos and Deimos we will obtain clues on internal structures and the origins of the satellites. Also, crucial data on the time-varying gravity field of Mars related to climate variation and internal structure will be obtained. Ranging measurements will also be essential to improve on several parameters in fundamental physics, such as the Post-Newtonian parameter β as well as time-rate changes of the gravitational constant and the Lense-Thirring effect. Measurements by GETEMME will firmly embed Mars and its satellites into the Solar System reference frame.
机译：在ESA的“宇宙视觉”计划中提出的任务GETEMME（重力，爱因斯坦的理论和对火星卫星环境的探索）将于2020年在Soyuz Fregat上向火星发射。该飞船最初将与Phobos和Deimos会合。为了对两颗卫星进行全面的制图和表征，并在其表面部署无源激光后向反射器。在任务的第二阶段，该航天器将被转移到1500公里以下的火星轨道，以对Phobos和Deimos上的反射器进行常规激光测距。此外，还预见了航天器和地球上ILRS（国际激光测距服务）站之间的异步双向激光测距测量。机载加速度计将确保航天器轨道确定的高精度。所有距离和加速度计数据的反演将使我们能够确定或大幅改善火星卫星系统的许多动态参数。从火卫一和地魔的复杂运动和旋转中，我们将获得有关内部结构和卫星起源的线索。此外，还将获得有关火星时变重力场与气候变化和内部结构有关的关键数据。测距测量对于改善基础物理学中的几个参数也将是必不可少的，例如牛顿后参数β以及引力常数的时间率变化和Lense-Thirring效应。 GETEMME的测量将把火星及其卫星牢固地嵌入到太阳系参考系中。

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