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Central set influences on gait

机译：中央设定对步态的影响

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We tested the hypothesis that anxiety regarding the potential consequences of a possible fall would alter gait patterns differently between younger and older adults. Sixteen younger and fifteen older adults participated in this study. Participants walked at a selfdetermined velocity along a 7.2-m walkway under 4 different conditions of postural threat; the walking conditions varied depending on the width constraints of the walkway (0.60 m vs 0.15 m) and the height of the walking surface (floor vs elevated: 0 m vs 0.60 m). Results indicated that although both younger and older adults altered their gait patterns under conditions of increased postural threat, the movement adaptations observed among older adults were substantially different to those adopted by younger adults. These age-dependent differences were strongly evidenced in the joint kinematics and the variability of the gait pattern within each condition. Our findings also indicated that when postural threat increased, the level of muscle activation throughout the gait cycle was altered in the distal musculature (gastrocnemius m. and tibialis anterior m.) among older adults only. Based on the age-related differences observed, we believe that the gait pattern alterations observed among younger and older adults reflect central set modifications to postural control that are mediated by a heightened anxiety imposed by the constraints of the testing conditions. Based on the age-dependent differences in the observed gait pattern modifications, it appears that the effects of anxiety on the control of locomotion are more pervasive for older adults than for younger adults.
机译：我们检验了一个假设，即关于可能跌倒的潜在后果的焦虑会在年轻人和老年人之间改变步态模式。 16名年轻人和15名老年人参加了这项研究。在四种不同的姿势威胁条件下，参与者以自己确定的速度沿着7.2米的人行道行走。步行条件的变化取决于人行道的宽度限制（0.60 m对0.15 m）和步行表面的高度（地板对高处：0 m对0.60 m）。结果表明，尽管年轻人和老年人在姿势威胁增加的情况下都改变了步态，但在老年人中观察到的运动适应与年轻人所采用的显着不同。这些年龄相关的差异在关节运动学和每种情况下步态模式的可变性中得到了有力证明。我们的研究结果还表明，当姿势威胁增加时，仅在老年人中，整个步态周期的肌肉激活水平在远端肌肉组织（腓肠肌和胫骨前肌）发生改变。根据观察到的与年龄相关的差异，我们认为，在年轻人和老年人中观察到的步态模式变化反映了姿势控制的中心集改变，这是由测试条件的限制所引起的焦虑加剧所介导的。基于观察到的步态模式变化的年龄相关差异，似乎焦虑对运动控制的影响比年轻人更普遍。

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