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HPC simulations of brownout: A noninteracting particles dynamic model

机译：HPC模拟撤销：非交互式粒子动态模型

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摘要

Helicopters can experience brownout when flying close to a dusty surface. The uplifting of dust in the air can remarkably restrict the pilot’s visibility area. Consequently, a brownout can disorient the pilot and lead to the helicopter collision against the ground. Given its risks, brownout has become a high-priority problem for civil and military operations. Proper helicopter design is thus critical, as it has a strong influence over the shape and density of the cloud of dust that forms when brownout occurs. A way forward to improve aircraft design against brownout is the use of particle simulations. For simulations to be accurate and comparable to the real phenomenon, billions of particles are required. However, using a large number of particles, serial simulations can be slow and too computationally expensive to be performed. In this work, we investigate an message passing interface (MPI) + graphics processing unit (multi-GPU) approach to simulate brownout. In specific, we use a semi-implicit Euler method to consider the particle dynamics in a Lagrangian way, and we adopt a precomputed aerodynamic field. Here, we do not include particle–particle collisions in the model; this allows for independent trajectories and effective model parallelization. To support our methodology, we provide a speedup analysis of the parallelization concerning the serial and pure-MPI simulations. The results show (i) very high speedups of the MPI + multi-GPU implementation with respect to the serial and pure-MPI ones, (ii) excellent weak and strong scalability properties of the implemented time-integration algorithm, and (iii) the possibility to run realistic simulations of brownout with billions of particles at a relatively small computational cost. This work paves the way toward more realistic brownout simulations, and it highlights the potential of high-performance computing for aiding and advancing aircraft design for brownout mitigation.
机译：直升机在飞行靠近尘土飞扬的表面时可以体验衰退。空气中的灰尘振幅可以显着限制飞行员的可见性区域。因此，欠压可以迷失飞行员，并导致直升机碰撞。鉴于其风险，撤销已成为民事和军事行动的高优先级问题。因此，适当的直升机设计是至关重要的，因为它对褐沟发生的灰尘云的形状和密度具有很大的影响，这是强烈发生的。一种提高飞机设计的前进的方式是使用粒子模拟。对于模拟准确且与真实现象相当，需要数十亿颗粒。但是，使用大量粒子，串行模拟可以缓慢并且太昂贵地进行昂贵。在这项工作中，我们调查了一种消息传递接口（MPI）+图形处理单元（Multi-GPU）方法来模拟撤销。具体而言，我们使用半隐式欧拉方法来考虑拉格朗日方式的粒子动态，我​​们采用预先计算的空气动力学领域。在这里，我们不包括模型中的粒子粒子碰撞;这允许独立轨迹和有效的模型并行化。为了支持我们的方法，我们提供了对串行和纯MPI模拟的并行化的加速分析。结果表明（i）相对于串行和纯MPI的MPI +多GPU实现的非常高速，（ii）实现的时间集成算法的优异弱和强度可扩展性，和（iii）以相对较小的计算成本运行数十亿颗粒的衰退现实模拟的可能性。这项工作铺平了更现实的颠簸模拟方式，它凸显了高性能计算的潜力，以实现和推进飞机设计，以实现撤销缓解。

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