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Lower Devonian reef structures in Russia: an example from the Urals

机译：俄罗斯的泥盆纪下礁构造：以乌拉尔为例

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The Lower Devonian reefs of the Urals were formed in two different environmental settings: (1) the Novaya Zemlya-West-Uralian reefs were rigid organic structures that grew at a passive platform at the eastern margin of Baltica; (2) reefal limestones from the Eastern Urals developed in an island arc during a phase of volcanism. The reef belts can be traced for more than 2,500 km. The largest barrier reefs (up to 1,500 m thick) formed during the Pragian-Lower Emsian (West-Urals zone) and Emsian (East-Urals zone). They are characterized by rather uniform faunal and sedimentary features from the Arctic Ocean as south as near the Aral Lake. The Uralian reef facies was constructed mainly with algal and microbial communities (calcimicrobes and cyanobacteria) in association with low-diverse metazoan assemblages. In the Lower Devonian reefs of both regions, there are similar groups of organisms comprising some of the major taxa of reef-builders and reef-dwellers. The distinctive feature of the Lower Devonian reefs of both regions is the stromatolite-like framework structure. A clear palaeobiogeographic link is obvious between West-Uralian and East-Uralian environment settings during the Early Devonian.
机译：乌拉尔的下泥盆纪珊瑚礁是在两种不同的环境环境中形成的：（1）Novaya Zemlya-West-Uralian珊瑚礁是刚性的有机结构，生长在波罗的海东缘的一个被动平台上； （2）在火山活动阶段，在岛弧中发育了来自东乌拉尔的珊瑚礁灰岩。珊瑚礁带可追踪超过2500公里。在Pragian-Lower Emsian（西乌拉尔地区）和Emsian（东乌拉尔地区）期间形成了最大的堡礁（厚达1,500 m）。它们的特征是，从南到咸湖附近，北冰洋的动物和沉积特征非常统一。乌拉尔礁相主要由藻类和微生物群落（钙化微生物和蓝细菌）以及低多样性的后生动物组合构成。在这两个地区的下泥盆纪珊瑚礁中，有类似的生物群，包括一些造礁者和造礁者的主要分类群。这两个地区的下泥盆统珊瑚礁的显着特征是层云母状的骨架结构。在泥盆纪早期，西乌拉尔和东乌拉尔的环境之间存在明显的古生物地理联系。

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