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首页> 外文期刊>Fish Physiology and Biochemistry >Patterns of commercial fish landings in the Loreto region (Peruvian Amazon) between 1984 and 2006
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Patterns of commercial fish landings in the Loreto region (Peruvian Amazon) between 1984 and 2006

机译：1984年至2006年之间Loreto地区（秘鲁亚马逊河）的商业鱼类登岸模式

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Patterns of commercial fish catches over the period from 1984 to 2006 were studied in the Loreto region and in Iquitos, which is the most important town of the region and the principal fish marketplace of the Peruvian Amazon. Despite important inter-annual variations, the overall fish landings have significantly increased in the region during this period. The same three species dominated the catches during the whole period (Prochilodus nigricans, Potamorhina altamazonica and Psectrogaster amazonica), making up about 62% of the catches. However, the number of species exploited by commercial fisheries increased considerably during the 22 years of this study (from about 21 species in 1984 to over 65 in 2006), although part of the difference may be accounted for by a better identification of individual species nowadays. At the same time, the large high-valued species, such as Arapaima gigas, Colossoma macropomum and Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii, declined significantly and were replaced by smaller, short-lived and lower-valued species. Catches of the silver Arahuana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum) also declined significantly during the studied period, strengthening recent warnings about the species’ conservation status (Moreau and Coomes, Oryx 40:152–160, 2006). The relative proportions of the trophic groups (detritivores, omnivores and piscivores) remained relatively constant over the study period, but there were significant changes in the relative abundances of the species groups. The proportion of the dominant group, the Characiformes, which averaged about 81% of the catches, increased between 1984 and 2006, whereas the proportion of the Siluriformes and Perciformes remained constant. On the other hand, the proportion of Osteoglossiformes, represented only by two well known species (Arapaima gigas and Osteoglossum bicirrhosum), declined sharply during the same period. Important differences were observed between the landings of Iquitos and the landing of the whole Loreto region, indicating that conclusions drawn from the study of the Iquitos landings cannot be extrapolated to the whole landings of the Loreto region. The most important difference was the decreasing fish landings in Iquitos, whereas the total landings increased in the Loreto region at the same time. Potential causes of this phenomenon are discussed. Decreasing fish abundance around Iquitos (because of a higher fishing pressure) and a behavioural adaptation of fishermen to better law enforcement in Iquitos are likely explanations to be further investigated.
机译：在1984至2006年期间，在洛雷托地区和伊基托斯研究了商业性鱼类的捕获方式，伊基托斯是该地区最重要的城镇，也是秘鲁亚马逊河的主要鱼类市场。尽管年际变化很大，但在此期间该区域的总鱼类着陆量明显增加。在整个时期，相同的三个物种主导了捕获量（黑螯虾（Prochilodus nigricans），马铃薯（Potamorhina altamazonica）和Psectrogaster amazonica），约占捕获量的62％。但是，在这项研究的22年中，商业性渔业开发的物种数量大大增加（从1984年的21种增加到2006年的65种），尽管部分差异可能是由于如今更好地识别单个物种造成的。同时，大型高价值物种，如Arapaima gigas，巨人斗兽场和Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii，显着下降，并被较小，短寿命和低价值的物种所取代。在研究期间，Arahuana（Osteoglossum bicirrhosum）银的捕获量也显着下降，从而加强了有关该物种保护状态的近期警告（Moreau和Coomes，Oryx 40：152–160，2006）。在研究期间，营养组（杂食动物，杂食动物和食肉动物）的相对比例保持相对恒定，但是物种组的相对丰度发生了显着变化。在1984年至2006年之间，平均占捕捞量最大的Characiformes类的比例增加，而Siluriformes和Perciformes的比例保持不变。另一方面，在同一时期，仅由两个众所周知的物种（古猿Arapaima gigas和Bistoglossum bicirrhosum）代表的骨舌形虫的比例急剧下降。在伊基托斯的着陆与整个洛雷托地区的着陆之间观察到重要差异，这表明从对伊基托斯着陆的研究得出的结论不能外推到洛雷托地区的整个着陆。最重要的区别是伊基托斯的鱼类上岸量减少，而洛雷托地区的总上岸量同时增加。讨论了此现象的潜在原因。降低伊基托斯周围鱼的丰度（由于较高的捕鱼压力）以及渔民的行为适应以改善伊基托斯的执法情况，可能是需要进一步研究的解释。

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