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Building an innovation-driven economy - the case of BRIC and GCC countries

机译：建设创新驱动型经济-以“金砖四国”和“海湾合作委员会”国家为例

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Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to undertake an analysis of the attempts of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) countries to catch up in their national development to build an innovation-driven economy on which to base future growth and wealth. We conducted an analysis of GCC and BRIC countries to show the different strategies leaders have taken to try and achieve this aspiration. This paper analyses the various aspects of national innovation systems of BRIC and GCC countries, highlights similar and different approaches and attempts to quantify their success. For example, GCC countries spend extensively on research and development (R&D), but have so far achieved less than meaningful results. Brazil, China and India are catching up to the acknowledged world leaders in innovation, but Russia is lagging. Design/methodology/approach - Our comparison was based mostly on secondary data from sources and institutions that use statistical data to build country rankings, such as the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) produced by the World Economic Forum. BRIC and GCC countries were analyzed over 1996-2011 because most of the indicators data are only available from 1996. Data related to intellectual property rights have been collected since 1999 or 2000. The data available for the number of researchers proved problematic for both BRIC and GCC countries. For instance, some data for the GCC countries was missing. To not leave a gap, we extrapolated in line with the overall trend; using the least squares method to approximate a straight line for the missing data based on what had already been reported. Findings - Counter-intuitively, we will argue that the push toward an innovation-based economy is actually not dependent on total expenditure on R&D, but rather relies on the efficient allocation of investments and the rigorous implementation of innovation strategy. And, we will demonstrate this by showing our ideas in relation to both BRIC and GCC countries. This analysis raises fascinating points of discussion for those looking to build an innovation economy in other countries and has practical implications for policy-makers and policy implementers in all countries. Originality/value - First analysis of the correlation of gross expenditure on R&D (GERD) with gross domestic product (GDP) growth and Straits Times Index (STI) policy measures.
机译：目的-本文的目的是对海湾合作委员会（GCC）以及巴西，俄罗斯，印度和中国（BRIC）国家追赶其国家发展以建立创新驱动型经济的尝试进行分析。为未来的增长和财富奠定基础。我们对海湾合作委员会和金砖四国进行了分析，以显示领导人为实现这一目标采取的不同策略。本文分析了金砖四国和海湾合作委员会国家的国家创新体系的各个方面，重点介绍了相似和不同的方法，并试图量化其成功。例如，海湾合作委员会国家在研究与开发（R＆D）上投入了大量资金，但迄今为止取得的成就还不尽人意。巴西，中国和印度正在追赶公认的世界创新领导者，但俄罗斯却落后了。设计/方法/方法-我们的比较主要基于来自来源和机构的辅助数据，这些数据使用统计数据来建立国家排名，例如世界经济论坛制定的全球竞争力指数（GCI）。对金砖四国和海湾合作委员会国家的分析是在1996-2011年间进行的，因为大多数指标数据只能从1996年开始获得。自1999年或2000年以来就收集了与知识产权有关的数据。海湾合作委员会国家。例如，海湾合作委员会国家的一些数据丢失了。为了不遗漏，我们根据总体趋势进行推断。使用最小二乘法根据已报告的数据为丢失的数据近似直线。发现-与直觉相反，我们将认为，推动基于创新的经济实际上并不取决于研发的总支出，而是取决于投资的有效分配和严格实施创新战略。并且，我们将通过展示我们对金砖四国和海湾合作委员会国家的想法来证明这一点。对于希望在其他国家建立创新经济的人们来说，这种分析提出了有趣的讨论点，并且对所有国家的政策制定者和政策实施者都具有实际意义。原创性/价值-首先分析研发总支出（GERD）与国内生产总值（GDP）增长和海峡时报指数（STI）政策措施之间的相关性。

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