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Megatrends and air transport: Legal, ethical and economic issues

机译：大趋势和航空运输：法律，道德和经济问题

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摘要

The book sets out to provide an overview of megatrends and their impact on legal, ethical and economic issues in air and space transport. The first chapter presents an introduction to the future of aerospace transport and regulating laws. The airspace is becoming ever more crowded, especially through drones of all sizes, space tourism and futuristic ideas of colonising Mars. All these developments require closer cooperation among countries. Although air traffic has exploded over the past few years, a single international legislative framework under the aegis of international organisations is still missing. The chapter gives detailed insights into the United Nations initiatives and the International Civil Aviation Organization. The second chapter discusses current international affairs and their impact on air traffic. Among these developments, Brexit and the changing relations between the UK and European countries rank prominently. The author suggests that the UK should choose one of three options: remain part of the Common Aviation Area (ECAA), negotiate a separate "open skies" agreement with the EU or negotiate separate bilateral air services agreements with each country in and outside the EU. Most importantly, the UK airlines should prioritise change management procedures to be prepared for any system changes. The third chapter examines the impact of e-trends on air transportation, Some of these emerging technologies will have a significant impact on air transportation and will ultimately make air traffic safer. Before investing in any such new technologies, a methodological procedure should be adopted to assess properly the true impact of these technologies both on safety and economic concerns. The chapter then continues with a discussion of the impact of these megatrends on airports. The fourth chapter discusses the impact of bad weather conditions and technological failures. The fast-changing technological environment would force a pro-active approach from airports, such as corporate foresight activities and to be in close contact with airlines and authorities. The role of artificial intelligence (Al) in aviation transportation and the resultant technical, ethical and legislative issues are the subject of the fifth chapter. The algorithms in use, as per the author, are still imperfect, and final decision-making still rests with the aircrew. In future, though, Al will become more prominent and will raise both ethical and legislative issues. As this development is fast gaining momentum, it is now time to discuss the most important issues. The author raises inconvenient questions such as Who should receive priority in emergency situations if the aircraft is operated by Al - the aircrew, passengers or people on the ground? Such questions need to form the basis for new legislation which should be carefully developed. The sixth chapter discusses the impact that millennials (digital natives) will have on air transport. In the coming years, millennials will become the most economically active segment of the world's population, and this will impact most economic activities. Millennials have advanced digital skills, but also a high appreciation of a work-life balance. As customers, this group is interested in minimising travel time while reducing their carbon footprint. This will require new concepts regarding airports near cities, airlines and aircraft manufacturers. The seventh chapter is devoted to the Internet of Everything as one of the megatrends of the future. Together with Al, these technologies should be seamlessly integrated into air transportation to improve the comfort of passengers, the quality of service and safety of air transportation.
机译：该书着手概述了大趋势及其对航空和航天运输中的法律，道德和经济问题的影响。第一章介绍了航空航天运输和管制法律的未来。空域变得越来越拥挤，尤其是通过各种规模的无人机，太空旅游以及火星殖民化的未来主义思想。所有这些事态发展要求各国之间进行更密切的合作。尽管过去几年空中交通激增，但在国际组织的支持下，仍然没有一个国际立法框架。本章详细介绍了联合国的举措和国际民用航空组织。第二章讨论当前的国际事务及其对空中交通的影响。在这些事态发展中，英国脱欧以及英国与欧洲国家之间不断变化的关系占据了重要地位。作者建议英国应选择以下三个选项之一：保留为通用航空区（ECAA）的一部分；与欧盟谈判单独的“开放天空”协议；或与国内外每个国家谈判单独的双边航空服务协议欧盟。最重要的是，英国航空公司应优先考虑变更管理程序，以准备进行任何系统变更。第三章探讨了电子趋势对航空运输的影响。其中一些新兴技术将对航空运输产生重大影响，并最终使航空运输更加安全。在投资任何此类新技术之前，应采用一种方法程序来正确评估这些技术对安全和经济方面的真正影响。然后，本章将继续讨论这些大趋势对机场的影响。第四章讨论恶劣天气条件和技术故障的影响。瞬息万变的技术环境将迫使机场采取主动行动，例如公司的预见活动，并与航空公司和当局保持密切联系。第五章讨论了人工智能在航空运输中的作用以及由此产生的技术，伦理和法律问题。根据作者的说法，所使用的算法仍不完善，最终决策仍取决于机组人员。不过，在将来，铝将变得更加突出，并将引发道德和立法问题。随着这一发展势头迅猛，现在该讨论最重要的问题了。作者提出了一些不便的问题，例如，如果飞机由Al驾驶-空勤人员，乘客或地面人员，谁在紧急情况下应优先考虑？这些问题需要成为新立法的基础，应仔细制定新立法。第六章讨论了千禧一代（数字原住民）对航空运输的影响。在未来的几年中，千禧一代将成为世界人口中经济活动最活跃的部分，这将影响大多数经济活动。千禧一代具有先进的数字技能，但也高度重视工作与生活之间的平衡。作为客户，该小组有兴趣减少旅行时间，同时减少碳足迹。这将需要有关城市附近的机场，航空公司和飞机制造商的新概念。第七章将万物互联作为未来的大趋势之一。这些技术应与铝一起无缝集成到航空运输中，以提高乘客的舒适度，服务质量和航空运输的安全性。

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  • 来源
    《Foresight》 |2018年第3期|334-335|共2页
  • 作者

    Vagan Manvelyan;

  • 作者单位

    Higher School of Economics, Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge Moscow Russian Federation;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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