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The prioritization of technologies and public R&D roles between the manufacturing and service industries in the fourth industrial revolution

机译：第四次工业革命中制造业和服务业之间的技术优先级和公共研发角色

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Purpose - The purpose of this study is to reveal the similarities and differences between the manufacturing and service industries in their prioritization of technologies and public research and development (R&D) roles, along with the complementation of properties of technology and public R&D role in the context of Fourth Industrial Revolution. Design/methodology/approach - Two rounds of Delphi surveys were designed to meet the purpose of this study, which used rigorous triangulation techniques. The Delphi method was combined with the brainstorming method in the first-round Delphi survey, while the second-round Delphi survey focused on experts' judgments. Finally, language network analysis was performed on the properties of technology and public R&D roles to complement the data analyses regarding prioritization. Findings - This study identifies different prioritizations of five similar key technologies in each industry, so that it can note different technological impacts to the two industries in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Smart factory technology is the first priority in the manufacturing industry, whereas artificial intelligence is the first priority in the service industry. The properties of the three common technologies: artificial intelligence, big data and Internet of things in both industries are summarized in hyper-intelligence on hyper-connectivity. Moreover, it is found that different technological priorities in the service and manufacturing industries require different approaches to public R&D roles, while public R&D roles cover market failure, system failure and government failure. The highest priority public R&D role for the service industry is the emphasis of non-R&D roles. Public R&D role to solve dy-functions, focus basic technologies and support challenging areas of R&D is prioritized at the highest for the manufacturing industry. Originality/value - This study of the different prioritizations of technologies in the manufacturing and service industries offers practical lessons for executive officers, managers and policy-makers. They, by noting the different technological impacts in the manufacturing and service industries, can prepare for current actions and establish the priority of technology for R&D influencing the future paths of their industries in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. While managers in the service industry should pay greater attention to the technological content of hyper-intelligence and hyper-connectivity, managers in the manufacturing industry should consider smart factory and robot technology.
机译：目的-这项研究的目的是揭示制造业和服务业在技术优先级和公共研究与开发（R＆D）角色之间的异同，以及背景技术和公共R＆D角色的互补第四次工业革命。设计/方法/方法-设计了两轮Delphi调查来满足本研究的目的，该研究使用了严格的三角剖分技术。在第一轮Delphi调查中，Delphi方法与集思广益方法相结合，而第二轮Delphi调查则侧重于专家的判断。最后，对技术的属性和公共研发角色进行了语言网络分析，以补充有关优先次序的数据分析。调查结果-这项研究确定了每个行业中五个相似关键技术的不同优先级，以便可以在第四次工业革命中注意到对两个行业的不同技术影响。智能工厂技术是制造业的头等大事，而人工智能是服务业的头等大事。在超连接性的超智能中，总结了这两个行业的三种通用技术的特性：人工智能，大数据和物联网。此外，发现服务和制造业中不同的技术优先级要求对公共R＆D角色使用不同的方法，而公共R＆D角色则涵盖市场失灵，系统失灵和政府失灵。服务业最优先的公共R＆D角色是非R＆D角色的强调。对于制造业来说，解决功能障碍，专注于基本技术以及支持具有挑战性的研发领域的公共研发角色被列为最高优先事项。原创性/价值-对制造业和服务业中技术的不同优先级进行的这项研究为执行官，经理和决策者提供了实用的课程。他们注意到在制造业和服务业中不同的技术影响，可以为第四次工业革命背景下的当前行动做好准备，并确定影响其行业未来发展的研发技术优先级。服务行业的管理人员应更加关注超智能和超连接的技术内容，而制造业的管理人员应考虑智能工厂和机器人技术。

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