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Quantification of fugitive emissions from an oil sands tailings pond by eddy covariance

机译：涡度协方差量化油砂尾矿池的逃逸排放

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Oil sands tailings ponds are sources of greenhouse gasses (GHG) and air pollutants. The flux chamber technique, typically used to measure emissions from tailings ponds, samples a small area for a short duration, which may not account for the spatial and temporal variability of emissions from oil sands tailings ponds. The eddy covariance (EC) technique, with large spatial coverage and better temporal resolution, is a promising method to improve the accuracy of emission flux quantification. A field campaign was conducted to measure emissions from an oil sands tailings pond in Alberta using an EC system. Average CH4 and CO2 emission fluxes were 4.56 x 10(-2) g/(m(2)-d) and 3.59 g/(m(2)-d), respectively. Diurnal and daily variations of CH4 and CO(2 )emission fluxes were strong with relative standard deviations of 97-158%. Nighttime (18:30 to 8:00, inclusive) CH4 average emission flux (6.55 x 10(-2) g/(m(2)-d)) was 2.8 times daytime (8:30 to 18:00, inclusive) CH4 flux (2.32 x 10(-2)g/(m(2)-d)) while nighttime CO2 average emission flux (2.97 g/(m(2)-d)) was 0.7 times daytime CO2 emission flux (4.29 g/m(2)-d)). Pearson correlation test results suggest that short-term (i.e., days to weeks) variations of CH4 and CO2 emission fluxes measured in this study were not strongly (but can be weakly) correlated with meteorological variables or the 90% cumulative flux contour distance. The CH4 and CO2 emission fluxes determined in this study were of the same order of magnitude as those from a previous study that used the EC technique at the same tailings pond. CO2 fluxes in this study were similar while CH4 fluxes in this study were more than an order of magnitude lower than fluxes based on flux chamber measurements conducted by a 3rd party at the same location and in the same month and year. Continuous, real-time, and long-term monitoring of tailings ponds emissions is necessary to reduce uncertainty and improve representativeness and accuracy of emission flux quantification.
机译：油砂尾矿池是温室气体（GHG）和空气污染物的来源。通量室技术通常用于测量尾矿池的排放物，可在短时间内对一小块区域进行采样，这可能无法解释油砂尾矿池的排放物的时空变化。具有大的空间覆盖范围和更好的时间分辨率的涡动协方差（EC）技术是提高排放通量量化精度的一种有前途的方法。进行了一次野外活动，使用EC系统测量了艾伯塔省油砂尾矿池的排放。平均CH4和CO2排放通量分别为4.56 x 10（-2）g /（m（2）-d）和3.59 g /（m（2）-d）。 CH4和CO（2）排放通量的日变化和日变化很强，相对标准偏差为97-158％。夜间（18:30至8:00，包括8:30至18:00）CH4平均排放通量（6.55 x 10（-2）g /（m（2）-d））是白天的2.8倍CH4通量（2.32 x 10（-2）g /（m（2）-d）），而夜间CO2平均排放通量（2.97 g /（m（2）-d））是白天CO2排放通量（4.29 g）的0.7倍/ m（2）-d））。皮尔森相关性测试结果表明，在这项研究中测得的CH4和CO2排放通量的短期（即几天到几周）变化与气象变量或90％的累积通量等高线距离没有很强（但可以很弱）相关。在这项研究中确定的CH4和CO2排放通量与先前在同一尾矿池中使用EC技术的研究得出的数量级相同。本研究中的CO2通量相似，而本研究中的CH4通量比第三方在同一地点，同一月份和同一年进行的通量室测量结果高出一个数量级。为了减少不确定性并提高排放通量定量的代表性和准确性，对尾矿池排放物进行连续，实时和长期的监测是必要的。

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