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Bubble nucleation, micro-explosion and residue formation in superheated jatropha oil droplet: The phenomena of vapor plume and vapor cloud

机译：过热麻疯树油滴中的气泡成核，微爆炸和残留物形成：蒸气羽流和蒸气云现象

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The evaporation and secondary atomization of droplets in cylinder has been confirmed to be one of major factors determining combustion efficiency. Experiments were carried out to elucidate the bubble nucleation and micro-explosion characteristics of superheated jatropha oil (JO) droplet during evaporation process at 873, 973, 1073 K and atmospheric pressure. A single droplet was placed at the intersection of two quartz fiber and introduced rapidly into a high temperature chamber. Several interesting features such as bubble nucleation, bubble growth and coalescence, puffing, vapor jetting, droplet jetting, surface pit, floating raft and micro-explosion were observed. Two different types of micro-explosion, namely global and local micro-explosion were identified. It was also found that chemical reactions occurred during the evaporation process of JO droplet. Bubbles in JO droplet were produced partly by superheating of low boiling point fatty acid and partly by pyrolysis of long-chain fatty acids. There were four modes of bubble nucleation in JO droplet: surface pit nucleation, particle-droplet interface nucleation, fiber-droplet interface nucleation, and floating raft interface nucleation. Surface pit nucleation and floating raft interface nucleation were the main mode. The evaporation residue formed at the end of evaporation, which was caused by the polymerization and aromatization reactions. Most importantly, vapor plume and vapor cloud induced by evaporation have been discovered for the first time. Vapor loud was very similar to the liquid state in the dilute spray region. These were mainly due to the non-isothermal condensation caused by Stefan outflow.
机译：汽缸中液滴的蒸发和二次雾化已被证实是决定燃烧效率的主要因素之一。进行了实验，以阐明在873、973、1073 K和大气压下蒸发过程中，过热麻风树油（JO）液滴的气泡成核和微爆炸特性。将单个液滴放在两条石英纤维的交点处，并迅速引入高温室。观察到一些有趣的特征，例如气泡成核，气泡生长和聚结，膨化，蒸汽喷射，液滴喷射，表面凹坑，浮筏和微爆炸。确定了两种不同类型的微爆炸，即全局和局部微爆炸。还发现在JO液滴的蒸发过程中发生化学反应。 JO液滴中的气泡部分是通过低沸点脂肪酸的过热产生的，部分是通过长链脂肪酸的热解产生的。 JO液滴中的气泡成核有四种模式：表面凹坑成核，颗粒-液滴界面成核，纤维-液滴界面成核和浮筏界面成核。表面凹坑成核和浮筏界面成核是主要方式。蒸发残余物在蒸发结束时形成，这是由于聚合和芳构化反应引起的。最重要的是，首次发现了由蒸发引起的蒸气羽流和蒸气云。蒸气大声与稀喷雾区域中的液态非常相似。这些主要是由于Stefan流出引起的非等温冷凝。

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