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A new nanohybrid for electrocatalytic biodiesel production from waste Amalfi coast lemon seed oil

机译：废弃阿马尔菲海岸柠檬籽油的电催化生物柴油生产新的纳米油

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摘要

A novel electrocatalytic simple method, based on a Pt, Ir and Ru trimetallic nanoalloy (PtIrRu), was explored for the biodiesel production from Amalfi coast waste lemon seeds oil. The experiments were performed in a methanolic reaction mixture, in the absence of toxic co-solvents and active dissolved species, and operating at a moderate voltage. The transesterification reaction occurred with a low amount of nanocatalyst in a two-phase reaction mixture, where an emulsion of oil in the alcohol phase is formed under stirring. A systematic study, looking for combinations ensuring high biodiesel yields, was performed by varying the process parameters. The effects of the voltage, temperature, NaCl content, methanol/oil ratio, reaction time and water content on the methyl esters yield were explored and the products were analyzed. Although temperature does not significantly affect conversion, NaCl content and time were found crucial. Lemon seed oil conversion reached a value of 98.2% after 2 h at 15 V, 0.3 wt% of NaCl and 20 degrees C, methanol/oil ratio 10:1, water content 2 wt%. Although a methyl esters yield reduction was observed in the presence of water, yields of 80% and 49.2% were still measured at 2 wt% and 4 wt% of water, respectively. The characteristics of the biodiesel produced were in agreement with the EN14214. The results of this paper constitute a proof of concept of the valorization in biodiesel of all lemon seed oils, also considering the large global scale citrus fruit consumption and processing, e.g. to produce fruit juices.
机译：基于PT，IR和Ru Trimetallic Nanoolloy（PTIRRU）的一种新型电催化简单方法用于来自Amalfi Coast废柠檬种子油的生物柴油生产。在没有有毒的共溶剂和活性溶解物质的情况下，在甲醇反应混合物中进行实验，并在适度的电压下操作。在两相反应混合物中含有少量纳米催化剂的酯交换反应，在搅拌下形成醇相的油乳液。通过改变工艺参数来执行寻找确保高生物柴油产量的组合的系统研究。探讨了电压，温度，NaCl含量，甲醇/油比，反应时间和含水含量对甲酯产率的影响，并分析了产物。虽然温度不会显着影响转化，但发现NaCl含量和时间至关重要。柠檬籽油转化率在15V，0.3wt％的NaCl和20℃，甲醇/油比10：1，含水量2wt％后达到98.2％。尽管在水存在下观察到甲酯产率降低，但分别以2wt％和4wt％的水测量80％和49.2％的产率。产生的生物柴油的特征与EN14214一致。本文的结果构成了所有柠檬籽油的生物柴油中储存概念的证据，也考虑到大规模的全球柑橘果实消耗和加工，例如，生产果汁。

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