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首页> 外文期刊>Fuel >Towards understanding the microstructural and structural changes in natural hierarchical materials for energy recovery: In-operando multi-scale X-ray scattering characterization of Na- and Ca-montmorillonite on heating to 1150 degrees C
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Towards understanding the microstructural and structural changes in natural hierarchical materials for energy recovery: In-operando multi-scale X-ray scattering characterization of Na- and Ca-montmorillonite on heating to 1150 degrees C

机译：试图了解用于回收能量的天然分层材料的微观结构和结构变化：加热到1150摄氏度时钠和钙蒙脱石的操作中多尺度X射线散射表征

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Understanding the changes in the microstructures and structures of clays with varying intercalated metal ions at elevated temperatures is of importance for many applications ranging from the recovery of shale gas from unconventional formations to developing effective nuclear waste containment technologies, and engineering materials such as ceramics for fuel cell applications. In this study, synchrotron-based in-operando multi-scale X-ray scattering analyses are used to determine dynamic microstructural and crystal structural changes in Na- and Ca-montmorillonite on heating from 30 degrees C to 1150 degrees C. Larger cations such as Ca2+ confer more defined morphological regimes compared to Na+ ions in compacted clays, as evident from the ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering results. The hierarchical morphology of clays is characterized to distinguish between nano-scale interlayer swelling porosity, meso-scale porosity, and intergranular pore spaces between powdered clay grains. On heating from ambient temperature to 200 degrees C, the removal of interlayer water reduced the basal distances to 9.6 angstrom. On further heating to 800 degrees C, gradual dehydroxylation of the clay sheets is evident from the structural changes. The effects of sintering at temperatures greater than 800 degrees C are evident from significant reductions in the intrinsic porosities of the clay sheets, and the formation of newer phases such as mullite. By connecting the in-operando microstructural and structural changes across spatial scales ranging from micrometers to Angstroms, the possibility of engineering high temperature processes for achieving morphologies and chemical compositions of interest is presented. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：对于在高温下具有变化的插层金属离子的粘土的微观结构和结构的变化，从从非常规地层中回收页岩气到开发有效的核废料遏制技术，以及工程材料（例如燃料陶瓷）的许多应用，都是至关重要的。单元应用。在这项研究中，基于同步加速器的内动量多尺度X射线散射分析可用于确定从30摄氏度加热到1150摄氏度时钠和钙蒙脱石的动态微结构和晶体结构变化。较大的阳离子，例如从超小角度X射线散射结果可以明显看出，与压实粘土中的Na +离子相比，Ca 2+赋予更明确的形态学形态。粘土的分层形态特征是区分粉状粘土颗粒之间的纳米级夹层膨胀孔隙度，中尺度孔隙度和粒间孔隙空间。从环境温度加热到200摄氏度时，层间水的去除将基础距离减小到9.6埃。在进一步加热至800℃时，从结构变化中可以明显看出粘土片的逐渐脱羟基。明显降低了粘土片材的固有孔隙率，并形成了新的相（如莫来石），从而证明了在高于800摄氏度的温度下进行烧结的效果。通过连接从微米到埃的跨空间尺度的操作数内显微结构和结构变化，提出了工程高温工艺以实现所关注的形态和化学成分的可能性。 （C）2017 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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