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Sooting tendencies of diesel fuels, jet fuels, and their surrogates in diffusion flames

机译：柴油，喷气燃料及其替代物在扩散火焰中的积灰趋势

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摘要

Surrogates of transportation fuels are useful design tools for developing engines with cleaner and more efficient combustion. It is important that information about the sooting tendency of the target fuel be incorporated in the formulation of these surrogates. Toward that end, in this work we report experimentally measured sooting tendencies of several diesel and jet fuels, surrogates of these fuels, and pure compounds which are components of these surrogates. These fuels, surrogates, and compounds were separately doped in trace quantities (0.5% by mass) into the fuel of a methane-air laminar coflow flame. The sooting tendencies, expressed as Yield Sooting Indices (YSIs), were quantified from spatially resolved two-dimensional soot volume fraction distributions of these flames as measured with color ratio pyrometry. Previous means of matching the sooting behavior of the surrogate to the fuel, such as by matching the fuel's hydrogen content or its double bond equivalent, were found to be inadequate because these approaches do not fully account for the effects on the fuel's sooting tendency of branching in aliphatics and alkyl substitutions in aromatics. A strong correlation was observed between the YSI and the relative abundance of different types of carbon atoms (as quantified by H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopy) in these fuels and compounds, indicating that such NMR characterization can capture essential structurespecific sooting information of relevance to surrogate formulation. Based on these YSI measurements, we demonstrate two approaches to predict the sooting tendency of a fuel surrogate. These approaches, based on (1) the choice of pure compounds that are blended to create a surrogate, or (2) the distribution of carbon atom types in a surrogate, can be used to tune the surrogate's formulation to match the sooting tendency of its target fuel. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：运输燃料的替代物是用于开发具有更清洁，更高效燃烧的发动机的有用设计工具。在这些替代物的配方中必须包含有关目标燃料烟so趋势的信息，这一点很重要。为此，在这项工作中，我们报告了实验测量的几种柴油和喷气燃料，这些燃料的替代物以及作为这些替代物组成的纯净化合物的烟灰趋势。将这些燃料，替代物和化合物分别以痕量（0.5质量％）掺杂到甲烷-空气层流共流火焰的燃料中。烟灰趋势，用屈光指数（YSIs）表示，由色度高温法测量的这些火焰的空间分辨二维烟灰体积分数分布进行定量。发现通过替代燃料的氢含量或其双键当量来匹配替代物的烟ot行为的先前方法是不充分的，因为这些方法并未完全说明对燃料的烟ot化趋势的影响。脂肪族中的烷基和芳香族中的烷基取代。在这些燃料和化合物中，YSI与不同类型碳原子的相对丰度（通过H-1和C-13 NMR光谱定量）之间观察到很强的相关性，这表明此类NMR表征可以捕获重要的结构特异性烟so信息。与替代制定的相关性。基于这些YSI测量，我们演示了两种方法来预测燃料替代物的烟ing趋势。这些方法基于（1）选择混合生成替代物的纯净化合物，或（2）替代物中碳原子类型的分布，可用于调整替代物的配方以匹配其替代物的烟so趋势。目标燃料。 （C）2017 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Fuel》 |2017年第1期|445-458|共14页
  • 作者

    Das Dhrubajyoti D.; McEnally Charles S.; Kwan Thomas A.; Zimmerman Julie B.; Cannella William J.; Mueller Charles J.; Pfefferle Lisa D.;

  • 作者单位

    Yale Univ, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, 9 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT 06520 USA;

    Yale Univ, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, 9 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT 06520 USA;

    Yale Univ, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, 9 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT 06520 USA;

    Yale Univ, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, 9 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT 06520 USA|Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA;

    Chevron USA Inc, Chevron Energy Technol Co, Richmond, CA 94802 USA;

    Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA;

    Yale Univ, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, 9 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT 06520 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    YSI; Soot volume fractions; Diesel surrogate; Jet fuel surrogate; NMR fuel characterization;

    机译：YSI;烟灰体积分数;柴油替代物;喷气燃料替代物;NMR燃料表征;

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