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Intercomparison of ethanol, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde measurements from a flex-fuel vehicle exhaust during the WLTC

机译：WLTC期间来自灵活燃料汽车尾气的乙醇，甲醛和乙醛测量结果的比对

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摘要

An intercomparison exercise of the world-harmonized light-duty vehicle test procedure (WLTP) aiming at measuring ethanol, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde emissions from a flex-fuel light-duty vehicle using E85 was conducted in the Vehicle Emission Laboratory (VELA) at the European Commission Joint Research Centre (EC-JRC), Ispra, Italy. The instruments used during the intercomparison allowed online measurements of these compounds directly from the diluted exhaust. Measurements were done either in real time or immediately after the test. The measurement and analysis of exhaust emissions over the world-harmonized light-duty vehicle test cycle was done by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-Qi-ToF-MS), photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) and gas chromatography (GC). Results showed that online systems can perform measurements from the vehicle diluted exhaust assuring a good repeatability (within instrument variance) and reproducibility (between instrument variance) of the results. Measurements from all the instruments were in good agreement (|Z-score| < 2). Results showed that online systems can perform measurements from the vehicle diluted exhaust assuring the reproducibility and repeatability of the results. Results obtained measuring at the tailpipe using a FTIR were in good agreement with those acquired measuring at the constant volume sampler (CVS). Considering the low sensitivity of the current technique used to measure hydrocarbons emissions towards oxygenated compounds (flame ionization detector; FID), non-methane organic gases (NMOG) were calculated applying their FID response factors to the measured emissions of ethanol, acetaldehyde and formaldehyde. NMOG resulted to be up to 74% higher than measured non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC). (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
机译：在欧洲的车辆排放实验室（VELA）进行了世界统一的轻型车辆测试程序（WLTP）的比对练习，目的是使用E85测量柔性燃料轻型车辆的乙醇，甲醛和乙醛排放量。意大利伊斯普拉委员会联合研究中心（EC-JRC）。比较期间使用的仪器允许直接从稀释的废气在线测量这些化合物。测试可以实时进行，也可以在测试后立即进行。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR），质子转移反应质谱（PTR-Qi-ToF-MS），光声光谱（ PAS）和气相色谱（GC）。结果表明，在线系统可以对车辆稀释后的废气进行测量，从而确保结果具有良好的可重复性（在仪器范围内）和可重复性（在仪器范围内）。所有仪器的测量结果吻合良好（| Z评分| <2）。结果表明，在线系统可以对车辆稀释后的废气进行测量，从而确保结果的可重复性和可重复性。使用FTIR在排气管上获得的测量结果与在恒定体积采样器（CVS）上获得的测量结果非常吻合。考虑到当前用于测量碳氢化合物向含氧化合物排放的技术（火焰电离检测器； FID）的灵敏度较低，因此将非甲烷有机气体（NMOG）的FID响应因子应用于所测得的乙醇，乙醛和甲醛的排放，从而得出了非甲烷有机气体。结果表明，NMOG比测得的非甲烷碳氢化合物（NMHC）高出74％。 （C）2017作者。由Elsevier Ltd.发布

著录项

  • 来源
    《Fuel》 |2017年第1期|330-340|共11页
  • 作者

    Suarez-Bertoa Ricardo; Clairotte Michael; Arlitt Bertold; Nakatani Shigeru; Hill Leslie; Winkler Klaus; Kaarsberg Charlotte; Knauf Thorsten; Zijlmans Rens; Boertien Henry; Astorga Covadonga;

  • 作者单位

    European Commiss, Directorate Energy Transport & Climate, Sustainable Transport Unit, Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy;

    European Commiss, Directorate Energy Transport & Climate, Sustainable Transport Unit, Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy;

    AVL Emiss Test Syst GmbH, Instrumentat Test Syst, Max Roth Str 1, D-76571 Gaggenau, Germany;

    HORIBA Europe GmbH, Emiss Engn, Automot Test Syst, Hans Mess Str 6, D-61440 Oberursel, Germany;

    HORIBA Europe GmbH, Emiss Engn, Automot Test Syst, Hans Mess Str 6, D-61440 Oberursel, Germany;

    IONICON Analyt GmbH, Eduard Bodem Gasse 3, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria;

    LumaSense Technol AS, Energivej 30, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark;

    LumaSense Technol AS, Energivej 30, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark;

    Synspec BV, Deimten 1, NL-9747 AV Groningen, Netherlands;

    Synspec BV, Deimten 1, NL-9747 AV Groningen, Netherlands;

    European Commiss, Directorate Energy Transport & Climate, Sustainable Transport Unit, Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Vehicle emissions; Cabonyls; Additional pollutants; FTIR; PTR-Qi-ToF-MS; PAS; Gas chromatography;

    机译：车辆排放;羰基;其他污染物;FTIR;PTR-Qi-ToF-MS;PAS;气相色谱;

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