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Experimental study of hydraulic fracturing for shale by stimulated reservoir volume

机译：油藏增容法对页岩水力压裂的试验研究

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摘要

"Stimulated reservoir volume" (SRV) makes it possible for commercial production of shale gas by means of multistage fracturing of horizontal wells. However, the formation mechanism of effective fracture network has not been well understood. The mechanism of fracture propagation in shale with hydraulic fracturing needs to be further explored, in order to realize the control on morphology of fracture network with SRV and increase the single well production of shale gas. In this article, the true triaxial test system was deployed for horizontal well hydraulic fracturing simulation experiments of shale outcrops for the first time. The effects of multiple factors on propagating rules of fractures of horizontal well in shale with SRV were studied, and the fracture morphology of post-fracturing rock cores was observed for the first time by high-energy CT scanning using the large-scale non-destructive testing system based on linear accelerator. The results show that the influence of flow rate (for SRV) on fracture complexity differs when its value falls in different intervals. When the horizontal in situ stress difference is less than 9 MPa, the hydraulic fracture easily propagates along the natural fractures, forming a fracture network. In this range, when the stress difference is increased, the appearance of the main hydraulic fracture contributes to interconnecting more natural fractures, forming a relatively more complex fracture system. Under the condition of the same horizontal stress difference, if the coefficient of stress difference K_h ＞ 0.25, there is an obvious trend to form single main fracture. The effects of viscosity of fracturing fluid and flow rate on the fracture propagation can be expressed by the parameter q-μ. When the order of magnitude of q-μ-value is 10~(-9) N m, it is favorable to the generation of fracture network, but too small or too large values are both harmful. The development and cementing strength of depositional beddings seriously affect the propagating complexity of fracture network with hydraulic fracturing. Refracturing helps to produce some new fractures which are different from the initial ones, and better fracturing effect is achieved. The fracture initiation morphology in perforation fracturing is closely related to the distribution of natural fractures (depositional bedding) around the perforations. If the pressure curve fluctuates significantly, it is indicated that the shale core contains a large number of opened natural fractures or depositional beddings before fracturing, which causes the serious loss of fracturing fluid in the propagation process.
机译：“受激储层体积”（SRV）使得通过水平井的多级压裂技术实现页岩气的商业生产成为可能。然而，有效裂缝网络的形成机理尚未得到很好的理解。为了实现利用SRV控制裂缝网络形态，增加页岩气单井产量，需要进一步探索水力压裂页岩裂缝扩展的机理。在本文中，真正的三轴测试系统首次被用于页岩露头水平井水力压裂模拟实验。研究了多种因素对SRV页岩水平井裂缝扩展规律的影响，并通过大规模无损高能CT扫描首次观察到了压裂后岩心的裂缝形态。基于线性加速器的测试系统。结果表明，流量（对于SRV）对裂缝复杂度的影响在其值落入不同间隔时会有所不同。当水平原地应力差小于9MPa时，水力压裂容易沿着自然压裂扩展，形成压裂网。在此范围内，当应力差增加时，主要水力压裂的出现有助于将更多的自然压裂相互连接，从而形成相对较复杂的压裂系统。在相同的水平应力差条件下，如果应力差系数K_h＞ 0.25，则有形成单一主裂缝的明显趋势。压裂液粘度和流速对裂缝扩展的影响可以用参数q-μ表示。当q-μ值的数量级为10〜（-9）N m时，有利于裂缝网络的生成，但是值太小或太大都会有害。沉积层理的发展和固井强度严重影响了水力压裂裂缝网络扩展的复杂性。压裂有助于产生一些与初始裂缝不同的新裂缝，并获得更好的压裂效果。射孔压裂中的裂缝起始形态与射孔周围天然裂缝（沉积层理）的分布密切相关。如果压力曲线明显波动，则表明页岩芯在压裂之前含有大量的开放天然裂缝或沉积层理，这会导致压裂液在传播过程中严重流失。

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  • 来源
    《Fuel》 |2014年第15期|373-380|共8页
  • 作者

    Tiankui Guo; Shicheng Zhang; Zhanqing Qu; Tong Zhou; Yongshun Xiao; Jun Gao;

  • 作者单位

    College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Huadong 266580, China,College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China;

    College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China;

    College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Huadong 266580, China;

    College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China;

    Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100083, China;

    International Well Service Company of Greatwall Drilling Company, PetroChina, China;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Shale; Stimulated reservoir volume; Fracture propagation; Horizontal in situ stress difference; Flow rate;

    机译：页岩;受激储层体积;断裂扩展;水平原位应力差;流量;

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