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Mitigation of anhydrite dissolution in alkaline floods through injection of conditioned water

机译：通过注入调节水缓解碱水中硬石膏的溶解

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Chemical enhanced oil recovery projects occasionally introduce an alkali agent to meet design requirements. The alkali agent reacts with reservoir rock components upon injection in reservoirs. It has been reported that the interaction of the injected alkali with some minerals in the rock assemblage, particularly anhydrite, is responsible for the very large alkali consumption, formation of secondary minerals, and regulates water chemistry. These effects, when unanticipated, can jeopardize the success of a chemical flooding project. In this study, single and two-phase flow flooding tests were carried out using rock samples from a sandstone reservoir in Wyoming to investigate the impact of multiphase flow on anhydrite dissolution at high-pH conditions. Effluent water chemistry was analyzed to investigate rock-fluid interactions taking place during an alkaline flood. Rock samples were CT-scanned to find out anhydrite distribution. Mitigation of harmful effects of rock-fluid interactions under alkaline flooding has been proposed through the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to act as a calcium chelating agent. The effectiveness of EDTA was tested in single- and two-phase flow experiments. An alternative approach to mitigate damaging effects of alkali injection in anhydrite-containing rock, based on conditioning of injection water, was tested in this work. Results show that anhydrite dissolution diminishes when crude oil is present, but the effect depends on rock exposure time to oil (aging). In spite of the apparent decreased reactivity, anhydrite dissolution is still very pronounced in two-phase flow experiments. Results also show conclusively that water conditioning intended to diminish anhydrite dissolution chemical driving force is a more effective strategy to attain sustainable flooding conditions.
机译：化学强化采油项目有时会引入碱剂以满足设计要求。注入储层后，碱剂与储层岩石成分发生反应。据报道，注入的碱与岩石组合物中的某些矿物，特别是硬石膏的相互作用，是造成大量碱消耗，形成次要矿物并调节水化学的原因。如果无法预料，这些影响会危害化学驱项目的成功。在这项研究中，使用来自怀俄明州砂岩储层的岩石样品进行了单相和两相流驱试验，以研究多相流对高pH条件下硬石膏溶解的影响。分析了废水中的水化学成分，以研究碱性洪水期间发生的岩液相互作用。对岩石样品进行CT扫描以找出硬石膏的分布。通过添加乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）作为钙螯合剂，已经提出了在碱性驱替下减轻岩石-流体相互作用的有害影响的提议。 EDTA的有效性已在单相和两相流动实验中进行了测试。在这项工作中，测试了一种替代方法，该方法基于注入水的调节作用来减轻含硬石膏岩石中注入碱的破坏作用。结果表明，当存在原油时，硬石膏的溶解减少，但其效果取决于岩石暴露在油中的时间（老化）。尽管反应活性明显降低，但在两相流实验中，硬石膏的溶解仍然非常明显。结果也最终表明，旨在减少硬石膏溶解化学驱动力的水调节是实现可持续水浸条件的更有效策略。

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