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Performance improvement of dual fluidized bed gasifiers by temperature reduction: The behavior of tar species in the product gas

机译：通过降低温度来提高双流化床气化炉的性能：产品气中焦油种类的行为

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To meet the aims of the worldwide effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, product gas from biomass steam gasification in DFB (dual fluidized bed) gasification plants can play an important role for the production of electricity, fuel for transportation and chemicals. Using a catalytically active bed material, such as olivine, brings advantages concerning tar reduction in the product gas. Experience from industrial scale gasification plants showed that a modification of the olivine occurs during operation due to the interaction of the bed material with ash components from the biomass and additives. This interaction leads to a calcium-rich layer on the bed material particles which influences the gasification properties and reduces tar concentration in the product gas. In this paper, the influence on the gasification performance, product gas composition and tar formation of a reduction of the gasification temperature are studied. A variation of the gasification temperature from 870℃ to 750℃ was carried out in a 100 kW pilot plant. A reduction of the gasification temperature down to 750℃ reduces the concentration of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the product gas and increases the concentration of carbon dioxide and methane. The product gas volume produced per kg of fuel is reduced at lower gasification temperatures but the calorific value of the product gas increases. The volumetric concentration of tars in the product gas increases slightly until 800℃ and nearly doubles when decreasing the gasification temperature to 750℃. The tars detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) were classified into substance groups and related to the fuel input to the gasifier and showed a decrease in naphthalenes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and an increase in phenols, aromatic compounds and furans when reducing the gasification temperature. The comparison with results from an earlier study, where the gasification properties of unused fresh olivine were compared with used olivine, underlines the importance of a long retention time of the bed material in the gasifier, ensuring the formation of a calcium-rich layer in the bed material.
机译：为了实现全球范围内减少温室气体排放的目标，DFB（双流化床）气化厂中生物质蒸汽气化产生的产物气可在发电，运输燃料和化学药品中发挥重要作用。使用诸如橄榄石之类的具有催化活性的床材料带来了与降低产物气中的焦油有关的优点。工业规模气化厂的经验表明，由于床层材料与来自生物质和添加剂的灰分成分之间的相互作用，橄榄石发生了改性。该相互作用导致在床材料颗粒上的富钙层，其影响气化性质并降低产物气体中的焦油浓度。本文研究了降低气化温度对气化性能，产物气组成和焦油形成的影响。在一个100 kW的中试装置中，气化温度从870℃变化到750℃。将气化温度降低至750℃会降低产品气中氢气和一氧化碳的浓度，并增加二氧化碳和甲烷的浓度。在较低的气化温度下，每千克燃料产生的产品气量会减少，但产品气的热值会增加。气中焦油的体积浓度略有增加，直至800℃，而当气化温度降至750℃时，其体积浓度几乎翻倍。气相色谱-质谱法（GCMS）检测到的焦油被归类为物质组，并且与输入到气化炉中的燃料有关，并显示萘和多环芳烃（PAHs）的减少以及酚，芳族化合物和呋喃的增加。降低气化温度。与早期研究的结果进行了比较，将未使用的新鲜橄榄石的气化特性与使用过的橄榄石进行了比较，强调了床料在气化炉中保留时间长的重要性，以确保在气化炉中形成富钙层。床材料。

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