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Modeling of the oxy-combustion calciner in the post-combustion calcium looping process

机译：燃烧后钙循环过程中氧燃烧煅烧炉的建模

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摘要

The calcium looping process is a fast-developing post-combustion CO_2 capture technology in which combustion flue gases are treated in two interconnected fluidized beds. CO_2 is absorbed from the flue gases with calcium oxide in the carbonator operating at 650 ℃. The resulting CaCO_3 product is regenerated into CaO and CO_2 in the calciner producing a pure stream of CO_2. In order to produce a suitable gas stream for CO_2 compression, oxy-combustion of a fuel, such as coal, is required to keep the temperature of the calciner within the optimal operation range of 880-920 ℃. Studies have shown that the calcium looping process CO_2 capture efficiencies are between 70% and 97%. The calciner reactor is a critical component in the calcium looping process. The operation of the calciner determines the purity of gases entering the CO_2 compression. The optimal design of the calciner will lower the expenses of the calcium looping process significantly. Achieving full calcination at the lowest possible temperature reduces the cost of oxygen and fuel consumption. In this work, a 1.7 MW pilot plant calciner was studied with two modeling approaches: 3-D calciner model and 1-D process model. The 3-D model solves fundamental balance equations for a fluidized bed reactor operating under steady-state condition by applying the control volume method. In addition to the balance equations, semi-empirical models are used to describe chemical reactions, solid entrainment and heat transfer to reduce computation effort. The input values of the 3-D-model were adjusted based on the 1 -D-model results, in order to model the behavior of the carbonator reactor realistically. Both models indicated that the calcination is very fast in oxy-fuel conditions when the appropriate temperature conditions are met. The 3-D model was used to study the sulfur capture mechanisms in the oxy-fired calciner. As expected, very high sulfur capture efficiency was achieved. After confirming that the 1-D model with simplified descriptions for the sorbent reactions produces similar results to the more detailed 3-D model, the 1 -D model was used to simulate calcium looping process with different recirculation ratios to find an optimal area where the fuel consumption is low and the capture efficiency is sufficiently high. It was confirmed that a large fraction of the solids can be recirculated to both reactors to achieve savings in fuel and oxygen consumption before the capture efficiency is affected in the pilot unit. With low recirculation ratios the temperature difference between the reactors becomes too low for the cyclic carbonation and calcination. As a general observation, the small particle size creates high solid fluxes in the calcium looping process that should be taken into account in the design of the system.
机译：钙循环过程是一种快速发展的燃烧后CO_2捕集技术，其中燃烧烟气在两个相互连接的流化床中进行处理。在650℃下运行的碳酸化器中用氧化钙从烟道气中吸收CO_2。生成的CaCO_3产物在煅烧炉中再生为CaO和CO_2，产生纯的CO_2流。为了产生适合CO_2压缩的气流，需要对燃料（例如煤）进行氧燃烧，以将煅烧炉的温度保持在880-920℃的最佳操作范围内。研究表明，钙环化过程中的CO_2捕集效率在70％至97％之间。煅烧炉反应器是钙循环过程中的关键组成部分。煅烧炉的运行确定进入CO_2压缩的气体的纯度。煅烧炉的最佳设计将显着降低钙循环过程的费用。在尽可能低的温度下实现完全煅烧可降低氧气和燃料消耗的成本。在这项工作中，通过两种建模方法研究了1.7 MW中试工厂煅烧炉：3-D煅烧炉模型和1-D过程模型。 3-D模型通过应用控制体积方法求解稳态条件下运行的流化床反应器的基本平衡方程。除了平衡方程式之外，还使用半经验模型来描述化学反应，固体夹带和传热，以减少计算量。基于1-D模型的结果调整3-D模型的输入值，以便实际地模拟碳酸化器反应器的行为。两种模型都表明，当满足适当的温度条件时，在含氧燃料条件下煅烧非常快。 3-D模型用于研究氧气煅烧炉中硫的捕集机理。如所期望的，实现了非常高的硫捕获效率。在确认具有简化的吸附剂反应描述的1-D模型产生的结果与更详细的3-D模型相似后，使用1-D模型来模拟具有不同再循环比的钙环化过程，以找到最佳区域。燃料消耗低，捕获效率足够高。可以确定的是，大部分固体可以再循环到两个反应器中，以节省燃料和氧气消耗，然后在中试装置中影响捕集效率。在低再循环比的情况下，反应器之间的温度差对于环状碳酸化和煅烧而言变得太低。通常观察到，较小的颗粒尺寸会在钙循环过程中产生高固含量，这在系统设计中应予以考虑。

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  • 来源
    《Fuel》 |2013年第11期|770-779|共10页
  • 作者

    Jaakko Ylaetalo; Jarno Parkkinen; Jouni Ritvanen; Tero Tynjaelae; Timo Hyppaenen;

  • 作者单位

    Lappeenranta University of Technology, LUT Energy, P.O. Box 20, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland;

    Lappeenranta University of Technology, LUT Energy, P.O. Box 20, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland;

    Lappeenranta University of Technology, LUT Energy, P.O. Box 20, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland;

    Lappeenranta University of Technology, LUT Energy, P.O. Box 20, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland;

    Lappeenranta University of Technology, LUT Energy, P.O. Box 20, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Calcium looping process; Calciner; 3-D modeling; 1-D modeling; CO_2 capture;

    机译：钙循环过程;煅烧炉;3-D建模;一维建模CO_2捕获;

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