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Identifying the role of fly ash properties for minimizing sulfate-heave in lime-stabilized soils

机译：确定粉煤灰特性在石灰稳定的土壤中减少硫酸盐波动的作用

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The paper describes a study carried out to examine the effects of fly ash in limiting damaging sulfate-heave (swelling) in lime-stabilized soils. This considered three clays with various sulfate levels; seven fly ashes covering a range of physical and chemical properties, and stored under different conditions (dry, stockpiled and ponded); and a typical quicklime. The initial part of the study examined the effects of fly ash (applied at levels of 6 to 24% by mass of dry soil) on compaction (in terms of density/moisture relationships) of the lime-stabilized soils (using 3.0% lime) to establish mix compositions and provide an insight to their resulting structure. This indicated that maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC) were influenced by the characteristics of fly ash (reducing and increasing respectively with increasing fly ash coarseness and loss-on-ignition (Lol; including that under wet storage)) and, depending on these, by the level of application. Tests for sulfate-heave were made following the BS EN 13286-49 volumetric swelling method. Fly ash gave systematic reductions in sulfate-heave with increasing application level up to 24% for the lime-stabilized soils tested. It was found that coarse, high Lol fly ashes, stored under wet conditions, were most effective in limiting the process, suggesting that the coarser structure obtained during compaction with these materials, i.e. lower MDD, is an important factor influencing this. The presence of high sulfate levels in fly ash reduced the effectiveness of the material in this role. The practical implications are considered and a nomogram relating fly ash fineness and application level, MDD and snlfate-swelling is developed, which demonstrates a possible methodology for material selection with regard to minimizing damage.
机译：本文描述了一项研究，旨在研究粉煤灰在限制石灰稳定的土壤中限制破坏性硫酸盐膨胀（膨胀）方面的作用。这考虑了三种硫酸盐含量不同的粘土。七种粉煤灰，涵盖一系列物理和化学性质，并在不同条件下（干燥，储存和堆放）存放；和典型的生石灰。研究的最初部分研究了粉煤灰（以干土质量计为6％至24％的水平施用）对石灰稳定的土壤（使用3.0％石灰）的压实度（根据密度/水分关系）的影响。建立混合成分，并深入了解其最终结构。这表明最大干密度（MDD）和最佳水分含量（OMC）受粉煤灰特性的影响（随着粉煤灰粗度和着火损失的增加而分别减少和增加（大声笑;包括湿储存条件下的增加））并根据应用级别而定。根据BS EN 13286-49体积溶胀法进行硫酸盐起伏的测试。对于石灰稳定的土壤，粉煤灰有系统地减少了硫酸盐的波动，增加了多达24％的施用量。发现在潮湿条件下储存的粗的，高Lol的飞灰最有效地限制了该过程，这表明用这些材料压实过程中获得的较粗的结构，即较低的MDD是影响其的重要因素。粉煤灰中高硫酸盐含量的存在降低了该材料在该作用中的有效性。考虑了实际的影响，并开发了有关粉煤灰细度和应用水平，MDD和渗滤液溶胀的列线图，该图展示了在最大程度减少损害方面进行材料选择的可能方法。

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