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An overview of the chemical composition of biomass

机译：生物质的化学成分概述

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摘要

An extended overview of the chemical composition of biomass was conducted. The general considerations and some problems related to biomass and particularly the composition of this fuel are discussed. Reference peer-reviewed data for chemical composition of 86 varieties of biomass, including traditional and complete proximate, ultimate and ash analyses (21 characteristics), were used to describe the biomass system. It was shown that the chemical composition of biomass and especially ash components are highly variable due to the extremely high variations of moisture, ash yield, and different genetic types of inorganic matter in biomass. However, when the proximate and ultimate data are recalculated respectively on dry and dry ash-free basis, the characteristics show quite narrow ranges. In decreasing order of abundance, the elements in biomass are commonly C, O, H, N, Ca, K, Si, Mg, Al, S, Fe, P, Cl, Na, Mn, and Ti. It was identified that the chemical distinctions among the specified natural and anthropogenic biomass groups and sub-groups are significant and they are related to different biomass sources and origin, namely from plant and animal products or from mixtures of plant, animal, and manufacture materials. Respective chemical data for 38 solid fossil fuels were also applied as subsidiary information for clarifying the biomass composition and for comparisons. It was found that the chemical composition of natural biomass system is simpler than that of solid fossil fuels. However, the semi-biomass system is quite complicated as a result of incorporation of various non-biomass materials during biomass processing. It was identified that the biomass composition is significantly different from that of coal and the variations among biomass composition were also found to be greater than for coal. Natural biomass is: (1) highly enriched in Mn >K>P>Cl>Ca> (Mg, Na) > O > moisture > volatile matter; (2) slightly enriched in H; and (3) depleted in ash, Al, C, Fe, N, S, Si, and Ti in comparison with coal. The correlations and associations among 20 chemical characteristics are also studied to find some basic trends and important relationships occurring in the natural biomass system. As a result of that five strong and important associations, namely: (1) C-H; (2) N-S-Cl; (3) Si-Al-Fe-Na-Ti; (4) Ca-Mg-Mn; and (5) K-P-S-Cl; were identified and discussed. The potential applications of these associations for initial and preliminary classification, prediction and indicator purposes related to biomass were also introduced or suggested. However, future detailed data on the phase-mineral composition of biomass are required to explain actually such chemical trends and associations.
机译：对生物质的化学组成进行了广泛的概述。讨论了与生物质特别是这种燃料的组成有关的一般考虑和一些问题。参考同行评审的86种生物质化学成分的数据，包括传统和完整的近邻分析，极限分析和灰分分析（21个特征），用于描述生物质系统。结果表明，由于水分，灰分产率以及生物质中无机物的不同遗传类型的极高变化，生物质尤其是灰分的化学组成变化很大。但是，当分别以干燥和无灰的形式分别重新计算最近和最终数据时，这些特性显示出相当窄的范围。以丰富度的降序排列，生物质中的元素通常为C，O，H，N，Ca，K，Si，Mg，Al，S，Fe，P，Cl，Na，Mn和Ti。已确定，特定的自然和人为生物量生物组和子组之间的化学区别很明显，它们与不同的生物质来源和来源有关，即来自植物和动物产品或来自植物，动物和制造材料的混合物。 38种固体化石燃料的相应化学数据也被用作辅助信息，以阐明生物量组成和进行比较。发现天然生物质系统的化学组成比固体化石燃料的化学组成更简单。然而，由于在生物质加工过程中结合了各种非生物质材料，半生物质系统相当复杂。已经确定，生物质组成与煤明显不同，并且还发现生物质组成之间的变化大于煤。天然生物质为：（1）高富锰>钾>磷>氯>钙>（镁，钠）>氧>水分>挥发性物质； （2）H含量略高； （3）与煤相比，其灰分，Al，C，Fe，N，S，Si和Ti贫化。还研究了20种化学特性之间的相关性和关联性，以发现自然生物质系统中发生的一些基本趋势和重要关系。由于这五个强大而重要的协会，即：（1）C-H； （2）N-S-Cl； （3）Si-Al-Fe-Na-Ti； （4）Ca-Mg-Mn； （5）K-P-S-Cl；被确定和讨论。还介绍或建议了这些协会在与生物质有关的初始和初步分类，预测和指标用途方面的潜在应用。然而，需要有关生物质的矿物相组成的未来详细数据来真正解释这种化学趋势和关联。

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  • 来源
    《Fuel》 |2010年第5期|p.913-933|共21页
  • 作者

    Stanislav V. Vassilev; David Baxter; Lars K. Andersen; Christina G. Vassileva;

  • 作者单位

    Central Laboratory of Mineralogy and Crystallography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 107, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria Institute for Energy, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, P.O. Box 2, NL-1755 ZC Petten, The Netherlands;

    Institute for Energy, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, P.O. Box 2, NL-1755 ZC Petten, The Netherlands;

    Institute for Energy, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, P.O. Box 2, NL-1755 ZC Petten, The Netherlands;

    Central Laboratory of Mineralogy and Crystallography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 107, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    biomass; biomass ash; chemical composition; chemical associations;

    机译：生物质生物质灰化学成分;化学缔合;

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