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Source Characterization And The Environmental Impact Of Urban Street Dusts From Egypt Based On Hydrocarbon Distributions

机译：基于碳氢化合物分布的埃及城市街道扬尘来源特征及环境影响

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The aliphatic and aromatic fractions of the extracts of ten street dust (SD) samples collected from eight cities covering a wide geographic area of Egypt were analyzed using gas chromatography with flame ion-ization detector (GC-FID) and GC-MS to compare their hydrocarbon distributions. To identify their sources, the extracts of the possible source materials were also analyzed. The impact of SDs on the marine environment was investigated in a marine sediment collected from the Western Harbor of Alexandria. The GC-FID profiles of the aliphatic fractions showed considerable differences in the n-alkane distribution that permits the classification of the SDs into five groups. This grouping reflects the environments of the cities in which they are collected. The carbon preference index and the unresolved complex mixture relative to the total resolved peaks values revealed that automobile exhaust is the main source of the hydrocarbons in these SDs with a significant contribution from terrestrial higher plant waxes to group 1 (Nile Delta cities). The sterane and hopane profiles supported this conclusion. The total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations ranged from 27 to 379 ng/g (dry wt.) and showed clear differences between the SDs. The lowest and highest concentrations were found in samples from Shebeen and Port Said, respectively. The PAH distribution patterns and the ratio of the sum of combustion specific PAHs to total PAHs in samples from Alexandria, Port Said and Cairo were similar, implying similar sources. PAH ratios indicated a mixture of pyrogenic and petrogenic sources of PAHs in all samples where asphalt and automobile fuel exhaust were the major contributors of PAHs in Alexandria, Port Said, Cairo and Sharm El Sheikh cities. These ratios also indicated the predominance of diesel-operated vehicles to the PAHs signatures of Alexandria, Port Said and Cairo while gasoline emissions influence more strongly the PAH distributions in the SDs from Shebeen, Kafr El Sheikh and Sharkea. The PAH fingerprints excluded fresh oil and tire particles as major contributors. Both SDs and petrogenic sources significantly contributed to the hydrocarbon signature of the marine sediment from the Western Harbor of Alexandria.
机译：使用气相色谱-火焰离子化检测器（GC-FID）和GC-MS分析了从覆盖埃及广泛地理区域的八个城市收集的十个街道粉尘（SD）样品提取物中的脂肪族和芳香族成分，以比较它们的含量碳氢化合物分布。为了确定其来源，还分析了可能的来源材料的提取物。在从亚历山大港西港收集的海洋沉积物中调查了可持续发展目标对海洋环境的影响。脂肪族馏分的GC-FID谱显示正构烷烃分布存在显着差异，可将SD分为五类。此分组反映了收集城市的环境。碳偏爱指数和相对于总溶解峰值的未解析复杂混合物表明，汽车尾气是这些SD中碳氢化合物的主要来源，而陆地高级植物蜡对第1组（尼罗河三角洲城市）的贡献很大。甾烷和hop烷的谱支持这一结论。多环芳烃（PAH）的总浓度范围为27至379 ng / g（干重），并且在SD之间显示出明显的差异。分别从希本和塞得港的样品中发现最低和最高浓度。来自亚历山大港，塞得港和开罗的样品中的多环芳烃分布模式和燃烧特定多环芳烃总和与总多环芳烃的比率相似，这表明来源相似。多环芳烃比率表明，在亚历山大，塞得港，开罗和沙姆沙伊赫等城市中，沥青和汽车燃料排放是多环芳烃的主要来源的所有样品中，多环芳烃的热源和成岩源混合在一起。这些比率还表明，柴油车在亚历山大，塞得港和开罗的多环芳烃特征中占主导地位，而汽油排放对希伯因，卡夫·谢赫和沙迦的可持续发展区中多环芳烃分布的影响更大。 PAH指纹排除了主要的新鲜油脂和轮胎颗粒。可持续发展和成因来源都极大地促进了亚历山大港西海岸海洋沉积物的烃特征。

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