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NH_3 and HCN formation during the gasification of three rank-ordered coals in steam and oxygen

机译：在蒸汽和氧气中三种阶煤的气化过程中NH_3和HCN的形成

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摘要

A Victorian brown coal (68.5% C), a Chinese high-volatile Shenmu bituminous coal (82.3% C) and a Chinese low-volatile Dongshan bituminous coal (90% C) were gasified in a fluidised-bed/fixed-bed reactor at 800 ℃ in atmospheres containing 15% H_2O, 2000 ppm O_2 or 15% H_2O + 2000 ppm O_2. While the gasification of these coals in 2000 ppm O_2 converted less than 27% of coal-N into NH_3, the introduction of steam played a vital role in converting a large proportion of coal-N into NH_3 by providing H on char surface. The importance of the roles of steam in the formation of NH_3 in atmospheres containing 15% H_2O + 2000 ppm O_2 decreased with increasing coal rank. This is largely due to the slow gasification of high-rank coal chars, resulting in low availability of H on char surface. The gasification of chars from the high-rank coal appears to produce higher yields of HCN than that of lower rank coals, probably as a result of the decomposition of partially hydrogenated/broken/activated char-N structures during gasification at high temperature. The alkali and alkaline earth metallic species in brown coal tend to favour the release of coal-N as tar-N but have limited effects on char-N conversion during gasification.
机译：在流化床/固定床反应器中，将维多利亚女王时代的褐煤（68.5％C），中国高挥发的神木烟煤（82.3％C）和中国低挥发的东山烟煤（90％C）气化。在含有15％H_2O，2000 ppm O_2或15％H_2O + 2000 ppm O_2的气氛中为800℃。虽然这些煤在2000 ppm O_2中的气化将不到27％的煤N转化为NH_3，但蒸汽的引入在通过在焦炭表面上提供H来将大部分煤N转化为NH_3起着至关重要的作用。蒸汽在含15％H_2O + 2000 ppm O_2的大气中形成NH_3的重要性随煤级的升高而降低。这主要是由于高级煤焦的缓慢气化，导致焦炭表面上H的利用率低。与低等级煤相比，高等级煤中的焦炭气化似乎产生更高的HCN收率，这可能是由于高温气化过程中部分氢化/破碎/活化的char-N结构分解所致。褐煤中的碱金属和碱土金属物质倾向于以焦油-N的形式释放煤-N，但对气化过程中炭-N转化的影响有限。

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