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Effects of emulsification variables on fuel properties of two- and three-phase blodiesel emulsions

机译：乳化变量对两相和三相blodiesel乳化燃料特性的影响

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Biodiesel has attractive fuel properties such as excellent biodegradability and lubricity, almost no emissions of sulfur oxides, PAH and n-PAH, reduced CO_2, PM and CO emission, superior combustion efficiency, etc. However, burning of biodiesel generally produces higher levels of NO_x emissions, primarily due to its high oxygen content. In this study, the emulsification technology has been considered to reduce the NO_x emission level of fossil fuel. Biodiesel, produced by means of transesterification reaction accompanied with a perox-idation process, was emulsified to form two-phase W/O and three-phase O/W/O emulsions. The effects of the emulsification variables such as hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB), and water content on the fuel properties and emulsion characteristics of W/O and O/ W/O emulsions were investigated in this study. The experimental results show that the surfactant mixture with HLB = 13 produced the highest emulsification stability while HLB = 6 produced the lowest emulsification stability and the most significant extent of water-oil separation among the various HLB values for O/W/O biodiesel emulsion. The kinematic viscosity, specific gravity and carbon residual of the biodiesel emulsions were larger than those of the neat biodiesel. In addition, the W/O biodiesel emulsion was found to have a smaller mean droplet size, lower volumetric fraction of the dispersed phase than the O/W/O biodiesel emulsion, and the highest heating value among the test fuels, if the water content is deducted from the calculation of the heating value.
机译：生物柴油具有诱人的燃料特性，例如出色的生物降解性和润滑性，几乎不排放硫氧化物，PAH和n-PAH，减少的CO_2，PM和CO排放，优异的燃烧效率等。但是，生物柴油燃烧通常会产生更高水平的NO_x排放，主要是由于其高含氧量。在这项研究中，已经考虑使用乳化技术来降低化石燃料的NO_x排放水平。乳化通过酯交换反应和过氧化物氧化过程生产的生物柴油，以形成两相W / O和三相O / W / O乳液。本研究研究了乳化变量如亲水亲脂平衡（HLB）和水含量对W / O和O / W / O乳液的燃料性质和乳液特性的影响。实验结果表明，在O / W / O生物柴油乳胶的各种HLB值中，HLB = 13的表面活性剂混合物产生最高的乳化稳定性，而HLB = 6产生最低的乳化稳定性和最大的水油分离程度。生物柴油乳剂的运动粘度，比重和碳残留量大于纯生物柴油。此外，发现W / O生物柴油乳剂比O / W / O生物柴油乳剂具有更小的平均液滴尺寸，更低的分散相体积分数，并且在测试燃料中，如果含水量最高，则发热量最高从发热量的计算中扣除。

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