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Formation of submicron particulate matter (PM_1) during coal combustion and influence of reaction temperature

机译：煤燃烧过程中亚微米颗粒物（PM_1）的形成及反应温度的影响

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Combustion of pulverized coals was conducted in a lab-scale drop tube furnace to investigate the formation of submicron particulate matters less than 1.0 μm in diameter (PM_1). Three temperatures, 1473, 1573 and 1723 K were tested. PM_1 was collected by a low-pressure-impactor, which automatically segregates particulates into seven sizes ranging from 0.03 to 0.76 μm. Each size was subjected to several techniques for elemental composition and morphology analysis. The results indicate that there are two major portions formed for PM_1: particulates smaller than 0.1 μm and those larger ones. The former portion, termed as PM_(0.1) in this study, was formed by aggregation of elemental vapors generated by either decomposition of organically bound elements in coal pyrolysis or vaporization of inorganic compounds in char combustion. Sulfates and phosphates dominate this portion. On the other hand, the latter portion in PM_1, termed as PM_(0.1+) , was generated containing two kinds of typical particles: one is in a molten solid shape and rich in Al-silicates and another one in the fractal agglomerate form. Liberation of inherent fine minerals ( ≤ 1 μm) and aggregation of nucleates containing vaporized elements are the two major routes for their formation. PM_(0.1+) was mainly formed in char combustion. Additionally, both coal type and reaction temperature affected the formation of PM_1 greatly. Combustion of bituminous coals produced more the PM_1 than the anthracite coal did. Increasing temperature produced more the PM_1 as well.
机译：在实验室规模的滴管炉中进行煤粉的燃烧，以研究直径小于1.0μm（PM_1）的亚微米颗粒物的形成。测试了三个温度1473、1573和1723K。 PM_1由低压撞击器收集，该撞击器自动将微粒分离为7种大小，范围从0.03到0.76μm。每种尺寸均经过多种技术进行元素组成和形态分析。结果表明，对于PM_1形成了两个主要部分：小于0.1μm的颗粒和较大的颗粒。前一部分在这项研究中称为PM_（0.1），是由元素蒸汽的聚集形成的，这些元素蒸汽是由煤热解过程中有机结合元素的分解或炭燃烧中无机化合物的蒸发所产生的。硫酸盐和磷酸盐占主导地位。另一方面，生成的PM_1中的后期部分称为PM_（0.1+），其中包含两种典型的颗粒：一种为熔融固体形状且富含硅酸铝，另一种为分形附聚物形式。固有的细小矿物（≤1μm）的释放和包含汽化元素的核的聚集是它们形成的两个主要途径。 PM_（0.1+）主要由焦炭燃烧形成。另外，煤的种类和反应温度都极大地影响了PM_1的形成。烟煤燃烧产生的PM_1比无烟煤产生的PM_1多。温度升高也会产生更多的PM_1。

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