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Thermal events occurring during the combustion of biomass residue

机译：生物质残渣燃烧过程中发生的热事件

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The purpose of this study was to identify possible events taking place during thermal treatment of biomass residue (bio-sludge) in an oxidative environment. The bio-sludge sample was collected after biological treatment of de-inking waste generated by pulp and paper mills. Combustion tests were conducted in a high-temperature Cahn TG- l7l thermogravimetric furnace (TGA) coupled with Mattson Galaxy 5020 Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). A bio--sludge sample (l.l g) was heated in the TGA furnace at a rate of 40deg.C min~-l until a maximum temperature of l500deg.C was achieved. The sample was then "soaked" at this temperature for l0 min and subsequently cooled or quenched at a rate of 20 or 1800deg.C min~-1, respectively. Temperature- and time-resolved profiles of sample weight loss were determined by the TGA while volatile release profiles were obtained from FTIR. Solid samples collected during the bio-sludge combustion process were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy, wavelength-dispersive and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry and electron probe micro- analysis to determine morphology, particle size, composition and metals distribution in ash particles. The bio-sludge combustion process could be divided into four stages: (l) Initial Burning (T < 600deg.C) dominated by moisture evaporation, fibers volatilization and pyrolysis. (2) Bio-sludge/ash Transition (600 < T < ll00deg.C) dominated by char oxidation, metals reduction and Al--Si spinel formation. (3) Solid particle Sintering (1l00 < T < l400deg.C) dominated by mullite formation, ash softening and metals segregation. (4) Ash Melting (T > 1400deg.C). However, it is difficult to accurately establish a clear boundary between these stages because the regimes of volatiles release, char combustion and ash transformation are overlapping. Ash formed during quenching was a condensed and packed substance while during natural cooling it revealed dendritic character with needle-like features present on the particle surface. The former structure is better from the environmental point of view because it would not allow fOr leaching of toxic metals if ash was disposed of in a sanitary landfill.
机译：这项研究的目的是确定在氧化环境中热处理生物质残渣（生物污泥）过程中可能发生的事件。在对纸浆和造纸厂产生的脱墨废物进行生物处理后，收集生物污泥样品。燃烧测试是在高温的Cahn TG-17l热重炉（TGA）和Mattson Galaxy 5020傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）一起进行的。将生物污泥样品（1.1 g）在TGA炉中以40°C min-1的速率加热，直到达到1500°C的最高温度。然后将样品在该温度下“浸泡” 10分钟，然后分别以20或1800℃min-1的速率冷却或淬灭。通过TGA确定样品重量损失的温度和时间分辨曲线，而从FTIR获得挥发性释放曲线。用扫描电子显微镜，波长分散和能量分散X射线光谱分析仪以及电子探针显微分析仪对在生物污泥燃烧过程中收集的固体样品进行分析，以确定其形态，粒径，组成和灰分中的金属分布。生物污泥的燃烧过程可分为四个阶段：（l）初始燃烧（T <600℃），主要是水分蒸发，纤维挥发和热解。 （2）以煤焦氧化，金属还原和铝硅尖晶石形成为主的生物污泥/灰分转变（600

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