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Measuring and rating the energy-efficiency of servers

机译：测量和评估服务器的能效

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Data centers and servers consume a significant amount of electrical power. As future data centers increase in size, it becomes increasingly important to be able to select servers based on their energy efficiency. Rating the efficiency of servers is challenging, as it depends on the software executed on that server and on its load profile. To account for this, a measurement and rating methodology for servers must make use of both realistic and varying workloads. Existing energy-efficiency benchmarks either run standardized application loads at multiple load levels or multiple micro-benchmarks at full load. This does not enable a full analysis of system behavior as the energy efficiency for different kinds of software at low load levels remains unknown.This article introduces a measurement methodology and metrics for energy-efficiency rating of servers. The methodology defines system setup and instrumentation for reproducible results. It is designed to use multiple, specifically chosen workloads at different load levels for a full system characterization. All partial results are aggregated in a final metric that can be used by regulators to define server-labeling criteria. The methodology and workloads have been implemented in the standardized Server Efficiency Rating Tool. We show the applicability and use of the measurement methodology specifically considering its reproducibility, fairness, and relevance. A reproducibility analysis shows that efficiency scores vary with a maximum coefficient of 1.04% for repeated experiments. In addition, we evaluate the proposed metrics by investigating their energy-efficiency rating on a set of 385 different servers and show the relevance of the selected workloads by analyzing relationships to real-world applications. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：数据中心和服务器消耗大量电能。随着未来数据中心规模的扩大，能够根据服务器的能源效率选择服务器变得越来越重要。评估服务器的效率具有挑战性，因为它取决于该服务器上执行的软件及其负载配置文件。为了解决这个问题，服务器的评估和评级方法必须同时利用现实的和变化的工作负载。现有的能效基准测试可以在多个负载级别上运行标准化的应用程序负载，或者在满负载下运行多个微基准测试。由于尚无法了解低负载水平下各种软件的能效，因此无法对系统行为进行全面分析。本文介绍了服务器能效等级的测量方法和度量。该方法定义了系统设置和可重现结果的仪器。它被设计为在不同的负载级别使用多个特定选择的工作负载，以进行完整的系统表征。所有部分结果都汇总在最终指标中，监管机构可以使用该指标来定义服务器标签标准。该方法和工作负载已在标准化的服务器效率评估工具中实现。我们展示了测量方法的适用性和使用，特别考虑了其可重复性，公平性和相关性。可重复性分析表明，对于重复实验，效率得分的最大系数为1.04％。此外，我们通过调查一组385种不同服务器上的能效等级来评估建议的指标，并通过分析与实际应用程序的关系来显示所选工作负载的相关性。 （C）2019 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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