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The role of androgyny in leader prototypes over four decades

机译：四十年来雌雄同体在领导者原型中的作用

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Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of psychological androgyny, a construct that represents a combination of masculinity and femininity, in explaining changes in descriptions of a good manager over time.Design/methodology/approach - Samples of the same two populations were surveyed at four different points in time spanning four decades (N = 1,818).Findings - Good-manager descriptions became increasingly similar in masculinity and femininity over time, or increasingly androgynous according to the balance conceptualization of androgyny. However, both good-manager masculinity and good-manager femininity declined over time, with masculinity declining to a greater extent, which accounted for the greater similarity in these scores. As a result, according to the high masculinity/high femininity conceptualization of androgyny, good-manager descriptions actually became decreasingly androgynous and more "undifferentiated". Overall, the trend in leader prototypes over time was toward less emphasis on traits associated with members of either sex.Research limitations/implications - Limitations of two alternative methods of analyses and the survey instrument are acknowledged. What constituted a good manager may have depended on the context. Further scholarly attention to the concept of an undifferentiated leadership style is recommended. Practical implications - People may be moving beyond leader prototypes based on the simple application of gender stereotypes. Changes in leader prototypes over the past four decades may contribute to enhancements in women's societal status. Social implications - Leader prototypes may disadvantage women less than in the past. Originality/value - Results suggest that the role of androgyny in leader prototypes is declining according to the high masculinity/high femininity conceptualization.
机译：目的-本文的目的是研究心理双性恋的作用，它代表了男性气质和女性气质的结合，在解释一位优秀经理人的描述随时间的变化时。设计/方法/方法-相同的两个示例在过去的40年中，在四个不同的时间点对人口进行了调查（N = 1,818）。发现-良好管理者的描述随着时间的推移在男性气质和女性气质上越来越相似，或者根据雌雄同体的平衡概念越来越雌雄同体。但是，良好管理的男性气质和良好管理的女性气质都随着时间的流逝而下降，而男性气质的下降幅度更大，这说明这些得分的相似性更高。结果，根据对雌雄同体的高阳刚/高女性化的概念，对好的管理者的描述实际上变得越来越少，雌雄同体，越来越“没有差别”。总体而言，随着时间的推移，领导者原型的趋势是越来越少地强调与任一性别成员相关的特征。研究局限/含义-承认了两种替代分析方法和调查工具的局限性。好的管理者的构成可能取决于上下文。建议在学术上进一步注意无差别领导风格的概念。实际意义-人们可能会基于性别刻板印象的简单应用而超越领导者原型。在过去的40年中，领导者原型的变化可能有助于提高妇女的社会地位。社会影响-领导者原型可能比过去更不利于女性。独创性/价值-结果表明，根据高男性气质/高女性气质的概念，雌雄同体在领导者原型中的作用正在下降。

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