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Seed exchanges, a key to analyze crop diversity dynamics in farmer-led on-farm conservation

机译：种子交换是分析农民主导的农场保护中作物多样性动态的关键

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摘要

Sustainable management of genetic resources is a crucial issue in the global context of food security. On-farm conservation is now widely acknowledged as a relevant strategy to reach this goal because it maintains evolutionary forces within and between the different components of the agricultural system. Seed exchanges between farmers play a key role in this process but are complicated to study over different agricultural contexts. This review begins by illustrating how interdisciplinary approaches combining ethnobotany and genetics helps provide a detailed analysis of the role of social and genetic dynamic interactions related to seed exchanges in traditional farming systems with farmer-led on-farm conservation. Secondly, the evolution of crop genetic diversity management is described in the context of industrialized farming systems. We follow the evolution of crop biodiversity perception by involved actors using a socio-historical perspective. After the agricultural shift from a traditional to a productivist model, recent social developments such as citizen science and participatory research movements are emerging and are strongly concerned by the question of biodiversity. These emerging trends which recognize and value seed exchanges between farmers show similarities to farmer-to-farmer seed exchanges in traditional farming systems. To what extent are these systems comparable? To fully benefit from studies in both traditional and industrialized contexts, it will be critical to develop an interdisciplinary framework to rigorously compare seed exchange systems and more generally farmer-led on-farm conservation strategies in diverse agricultural systems.
机译：在全球粮食安全背景下，遗传资源的可持续管理是至关重要的问题。如今，农场保护被认为是实现这一目标的重要策略，因为它可以维持农业系统不同组成部分之内和之间的进化力量。农民之间的种子交换在这一过程中起着关键作用，但是在不同农业环境下进行研究很复杂。这篇综述首先说明了结合民族植物学和遗传学的跨学科方法如何帮助详细分析与农民主导的农场保护下的传统农业系统中种子交换有关的社会和遗传动态相互作用的作用。其次，在工业化农业系统的背景下描述了作物遗传多样性管理的演变。我们使用社会历史视角来追踪参与者参与农作物生物多样性感知的演变。在农业从传统模式向生产主义模式转变之后，最近的社会发展，例如公民科学和参与性研究运动正在出现，并受到生物多样性问题的强烈关注。这些认识并重视农民之间种子交换的新兴趋势表明，它们与传统耕作系统中农民之间的种子交换相似。这些系统在多大程度上具有可比性？为了充分受益于传统和工业化背景下的研究，建立一个跨学科框架以严格比较种子交换系统和更广泛的以农民为主导的农场保护策略在多种农业系统中至关重要。

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