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首页> 外文期刊>Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution >Aspects of the evolution of Nicotiana tabacum L. and the status of the United States Nicotiana Germplasm Collection
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Aspects of the evolution of Nicotiana tabacum L. and the status of the United States Nicotiana Germplasm Collection

机译：烟草的进化方面和美国烟草种质资源的现状

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摘要

The genus Nicotiana is a member of the nightshade (Solanaceae) family, and is comprised of 70 currently recognized, naturally occurring species. Genetic variability within N. tabacum L., the species of primary economic importance, was likely affected by several genetic bottlenecks. Nicotiana tabacum is a classic amphidiploid that arose after chance interspecific hybridization between N. sylvestris Spegazinni et Comes and a member of section Tomentosae, likely N. tomentosiformis Goodspeed, N. otophora Grisebach, or an introgressive hybrid between the two. Only a fraction of the genetic variability that existed in the diploid progenitor gene pools probably entered into N. tabacum. Genetic drift, coupled with natural and human selection, subsequently resulted in the formation of narrow genetic pools corresponding to modern commercial market classes. Genetic variability in Nicotiana has gained increased attention in recent years because of investment in Nicotiana genomics research, interest in development of tobacco products with reduced harm characteristics, and concentration on using Nicotiana species for plant-based production of commercially useful proteins. A storehouse of genetic diversity for N. tabacum is available in approximately 1,900 accessions maintained by the United States Nicotiana Germplasm Collection. Seeds of 224 accessions representing 59 wild Nicotiana species are also maintained. The collection is currently maintained by North Carolina State University and is part of the United States National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS). The collection’s curator satisfies hundreds of seed requests made annually by scientists using Nicotiana germplasm for basic biological investigations and by researchers in the area of applied tobacco science.
机译：烟草属是茄科（茄科）的成员，由70种目前公认的天然物种组成。具有重要经济意义的烟草（N. tabacum L.）内的遗传变异可能受到几个遗传瓶颈的影响。烟草是一种经典的二倍体，是在樟脑猪与种毛虫（可能是毛状猪Goodspeed，耳鼻吸虫Grisebach）或种之间的渐渗杂种之间进行种间偶然杂交后产生的。存在于二倍体祖细胞基因库中的遗传变异中只有一小部分可能进入了烟草。遗传漂移，再加上自然和人为选择，随后导致形成了与现代商业市场类别相对应的狭窄遗传库。近年来，由于对烟草基因组学研究的投入，对降低危害特征的烟草产品的开发兴趣以及对使用烟草种进行基于植物的商业有用蛋白质生产的关注，烟草中的遗传变异性已引起越来越多的关注。烟草的遗传多样性仓库可在美国烟草种质资源馆藏的约1900种材料中获得。还保留了代表59种野生烟草品种的224种种子的种子。该馆藏目前由北卡罗来纳州立大学维护，是美国国家植物种质系统（NPGS）的一部分。该馆藏的策展人满足了使用烟草种质进行基本生物学研究的科学家和应用烟草科学领域的研究人员每年提出的数百种种子要求。

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