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Pattern of settlement and natural chimerism in the colonial urochordate Botryllus schlosseri

机译：殖民地urochordate Botryllus schlosseri的定居和自然嵌合现象

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摘要

Colonies of the cosmopolitan urochordate Botryllus schlosseri that share one or both alleles at a single allorecognition locus (Fu/HC) and come into tissue contacts, may fuse and form a mixed entity, a chimera. Botryllus populations worldwide exhibit unprecedented extensive polymorphism at this locus, a result that restricts fusions to kin encounters. This study aims to compare spatiotemporal configurations in source and introduced B. schlosseri populations, residing on natural and man-made substrata, respectively. By using four microsatellite loci, we tested genetic consanguinity of colonies settled naturally along spatial vectors on both, natural (native populations) and man-made (introduced) substrates. Four populations were studied. Results revealed that B. schlosseri colonies, on both substrate types, assemble in groups of relatives that share similar microsatellite profiles. We suggest that this pattern of settlement promotes the formation of chimeras, which evoke conflicting interactions: cooperation between different somatic cell lines that constitute the colonial soma and competition between germ cells that inhabit the chimera gonads. Under natural conditions, the chimera may allow genetic flexibility that depends on joint genomic fitness of its partners. This is probably one of the life history characteristics that led to the worldwide distribution success of this species.
机译：大都会的urochordate Botryllus schlosseri的菌落在单个等位基因识别位点（Fu / HC）共享一个或两个等位基因，并进入组织接触，可能融合并形成一个混合实体，即嵌合体。全世界的葡萄孢种群在该基因座处显示出前所未有的广泛多态性，其结果将融合仅限于亲属相遇。这项研究旨在比较原始和人工分布的B. schlosseri种群的时空构型。通过使用四个微卫星基因座，我们测试了沿空间矢量在自然（本地种群）和人工（引入）底物上自然沉降的菌落的遗传血缘。研究了四个种群。结果显示，两种底物类型上的schlosseri菌落均以共享相似微卫星轮廓的亲戚群体聚集。我们建议这种解决模式促进嵌合体的形成，引起相互矛盾的相互作用：构成殖民体的不同体细胞系之间的合作以及嵌合体性腺中的生殖细胞之间的竞争。在自然条件下，嵌合体可能具有遗传灵活性，这取决于其伴侣的联合基因组适应性。这可能是导致该物种在世界范围内成功分布的生活史特征之一。

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