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首页> 外文期刊>Genetica >‘Good-genes’ and ‘compatible-genes’ effects in an Alpine whitefish and the information content of breeding tubercles over the course of the spawning season
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‘Good-genes’ and ‘compatible-genes’ effects in an Alpine whitefish and the information content of breeding tubercles over the course of the spawning season

机译：高山白鱼的“好基因”和“兼容基因”效应以及产卵季节繁殖结节的信息含量

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摘要

Some models of sexual selection predict that individuals vary in their genetic quality and reveal some of this variation in their secondary sexual characteristics. Alpine whitefish (Coregonus sp.) develop breeding tubercles shortly before their spawning season. These tubercles are epidermal structures that are distributed regularly along the body sides of both males and females. There is still much unexplained variation in the size of breeding tubercles within both sexes and with much overlap between the sexes. It has been suggested that breeding tubercles function to maintain body contact between the mating partners during spawning, act as weapons for defence of spawning territories, or are sexual signals that reveal aspects of genetic quality. We took two samples of whitefish from their spawning place, one at the beginning and one around the peak of spawning season. We found that females have on average smaller breeding tubercles than males, and that tubercle size partly reveals the stage of gonad maturation. Two independent full-factorial breeding experiments revealed that embryo mortality was significantly influenced by male and female effects. This finding demonstrates that the males differed in their genetic quality (because offspring get nothing but genes from their fathers). Tubercle size was negatively linked to some aspects of embryo mortality in the first breeding experiment but not significantly so in the second. This lack of consistency adds to inconsistent results that were reported before and suggests that (i) some aspects of genetic quality are not revealed in breeding tubercles while others are, or (ii) individuals vary in their signaling strategies and the information content of breeding tubercles is not always reliable. Moreover, the fact that female whitefish have breeding tubercles of significant size while males seem to have few reasons to be choosy suggests that the tubercles might also serve some functions that are not linked to sexual signaling.
机译：一些性选择模型预测个体的遗传质量会发生变化，并揭示其次要性特征中的某些变化。高山白鲑（Coregonus sp。）在产卵季节即将到来之前就形成了繁殖结节。这些结节是表皮结构，沿着男性和女性的体侧规则分布。男女之间的繁殖结节大小仍然有很多无法解释的差异，并且男女之间有很多重叠。有人提出，繁殖结节的功能是在产卵期间维持交配伙伴之间的身体接触，充当防御产卵领土的武器，或者是揭示遗传质量各个方面的性信号。我们从产卵的地方取样了两个白鲑，一个在开始时，另一个在产卵高峰期。我们发现雌性的平均繁殖结节比雄性小，结节的大小部分揭示了性腺成熟的阶段。两项独立的全因子育种实验表明，胚胎死亡率受男性和女性影响显着影响。这一发现表明，雄性的遗传品质有所不同（因为后代除了从父亲那里获得的基因外别无其他）。在第一个育种实验中，结节大小与胚胎死亡率的某些方面呈负相关，但在第二个育种实验中则无明显关系。缺乏一致性增加了先前报道的不一致结果，并表明（i）某些基因在育种结节中未显示出遗传质量，而其他方面则未发现，或者（ii）个体的信号传导策略和育种结节的信息含量各不相同并不总是可靠的。此外，雌性白鲑具有显着大小的繁殖结节而雄性似乎没有选择的理由这一事实表明，结节也可能具有某些与性信号无关的功能。

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