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Metal emissions from a Cu smelter, Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec: characterization of particles sampled in air and snow

机译:魁北克省鲁因-诺兰达的一家铜冶炼厂的金属排放:表征空气和雪中采样的颗粒

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摘要

Particles were sampled in air and snow near a Cu smelter in Rouyn-Noranda, Québec, as part of a study of airborne metal emissions. An analytical scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to measure the size and elemental composition of >38 000 individual particles. Metal-bearing (Me-) particles account for c. 58% of all particles in the smelter plume, but only c. 15% in ambient air or snow. The dominant Me-particle type in snow is Fe–S–Cu but Zn–S, Fe–S, and Cu–S are also common. Pb is dominant in air-filtered particles, even those collected far (>60 km) from the smelter. Me-particles in snow are compositionally more variable and complex than in the smelter plume or ambient air, suggesting that Me-particles settling from the plume in snow are chemically transformed in the process, possibly by heterogeneous reaction(s) with other aerosols (e.g. salt particles) and/or gases (e.g. SO2). The size distribution of Me-particles in the smelter plume is broader than in snow or ambient air, owing to a larger proportion of sub-micrometre particles in the plume and/or the loss of fine water-soluble Me-particles in snow meltwater. However, the size distribution of different Me-particle groupings (e.g. As-bearing compared to Cd-bearing particles) is not significantly different within the size range measured.
机译:魁北克省 Rouyn-Noranda的一座铜冶炼厂附近的空气和雪中对颗粒进行了采样,这是空气中 金属排放研究的一部分。使用分析型扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)测量> 38 000个单个颗粒的大小和元素组成。含金属(Me-)颗粒 占c。熔炉羽流中所有粒子的58%,但 仅c。 15%的环境空气或雪。雪中​​主要的Me粒子 类型为Fe–S–Cu,但Zn–S,Fe–S, 和Cu–S也很常见。在空气过滤的 颗粒中,甚至是从冶炼厂收集的颗粒(> 60 km)中,Pb占主导地位。 雪中的Me颗粒在组成上更易变且更复杂 比在冶炼厂烟羽或环境空气中的浓度高,表明从雪中的烟羽沉降的Me-粒子 在此过程中被化学转化,可能是由于异质反应( s)与其他 气雾剂(例如盐颗粒)和/或气体(例如SO 2 )。由于 亚微米的比例较大,冶炼厂烟羽中Me颗粒的 尺寸分布比雪或环境空气中的 宽。羽中的颗粒和/或雪融水中细的 水溶性Me颗粒的损失。但是,不同的Me粒子组(例如,含As的 与含Cd的粒子)的大小分布 在内部测量的大小范围。

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