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Indicator mineral methods in mineral exploration

机译：矿物勘探中的指示矿物方法

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Indicator minerals are mineral species that, when appearing as transported grains in clastic sediments, indicate the presence in bedrock of a specific type of mineralization, hydrothermal alteration or lithology. Their physical and chemical characteristics, including a relatively high density, facilitate their preservation and identification and allow them to be readily recovered at the parts per billion level from sample media such as till, stream sediments or soil producing large exploration targets. Another major advantage of indicator mineral methods is that grain morphology, surface textures or mineral chemistry may be examined to obtain information about transport distance and bedrock source. Indicator minerals have become an important exploration method in the past 20 years and now include suites for detecting a variety of ore deposit types including diamond, gold, Ni–Cu, PGE, porphyry Cu, massive sulphide, and tungsten deposits. One of the most significant events in the application of indicator mineral methods in the past 10 years was the explosion in diamond exploration activity in the glaciated terrain of Canada and the resultant changes in sampling and processing methods and improved understanding of kimberlite indicator minerals. At the same time, technological advances have led to increased sophistication of determining indicator mineral chemistry for all indicator minerals. This paper provides an overview of indicator mineral methods and their application in a variety of terrains in the past 20 years, focusing on gold and diamond exploration.
机译：指示性矿物是矿物种类，当在碎屑沉积物中作为运移的谷物出现时，表示特定矿化类型为热液 的基岩中存在 。蚀变或岩性。它们的物理和化学特征（ 包括相对较高的密度）有助于它们的保存和鉴定，并使它们易于以十亿分之几的比例回收。样品介质的水平，例如直到， 沉积物或产生大量勘探目标的土壤。 指示矿物方法的另一个主要优点是 颗粒形态，可以检查表面纹理或矿物化学以获取有关运输距离和 基岩源的信息。指示性矿物在过去20年中已成为一种重要的 勘探方法，现在包括用于检测各种矿床类型的套件 ，包括钻石， 金，Ni-Cu，PGE，斑岩Cu，块状硫化物和钨 沉积。在过去的十年中，指示矿产方法的应用中最重要的事件之一是 。 >加拿大以及由此产生的采样和处理方法变化 和对金伯利岩指示剂矿物的理解得到改善。 同时，技术进步导致 确定 所有指示剂矿物的指示剂矿物化学的复杂性。本文概述了指示剂 的矿物方法及其在过去20年中在各种地形中的应用，重点是金和钻石的勘探。

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