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首页> 外文期刊>Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis >The effects of seasonal changes, sample site drainage and tree morphology on trace element contents of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) crown twigs and outer bark
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The effects of seasonal changes, sample site drainage and tree morphology on trace element contents of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) crown twigs and outer bark

机译：季节变化，取样部位排水和树木形态对黑云杉（Picea mariana（Mill。）BSP）冠树枝和外皮中微量元素含量的影响

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A positive correlation between soil metal content and plant metal accumulation has been used by biogeochemists to assist mineral exploration in areas of minimal outcrop. Much-needed study of the impact of vegetation sample collection over an extended time-frame, impact of site drainage, as well as the choice of vegetation sample type are presented. Evaluation of seasonal variability, together with measurements of tree water flow-rate (affected by weather conditions) on tree crown metal uptake was also undertaken to ascertain whether this variability could mask the geochemical signatures or whether normalization to weather conditions is needed. Thirty-three elements, including Au, Ag, Ni, Co, Zn and Cu, were studied. Other factors such as tree crown, outer bark and tree appearance were also studied. Black spruce was selected due to its ubiquitous presence in the boreal forest of central Manitoba. The best agreement between the crown twig metal accumulation and tree water uptake was identified for the rare earth elements (REEs) and the essential elements (Ca, K, Mg, Fe, P, Zn), which also exhibited the highest seasonal variation. The content of pH-sensitive elements (Ag, Co, Ni, Rb, Mn, Cu) in black spruce crowns did not display any direct relationship to the tree water uptake. Elements most affected by site drainage conditions include Ag, Co, Ni, Rb, Mn and Cu. These metals were found in substantially larger quantities in crowns of trees growing on well drained sites. Gold concentrations in outer bark samples growing on well drained sites were 12 times lower than the same samples collected from poorly drained sites. Au, Pb, W, Th, Na, Al were found in substantially larger concentrations in thin (up to 4 mm in diameter) compared to thicker twigs. Ag and Ca accumulated preferentially in thick twigs. K, Mg, P, Mn, Zn, Cu, Au, Ag, Rb and W were present in substantially higher concentrations in the crown twigs compared to outer bark. Pb, B, Hf, Th, V and REEs were present in the outer bark at eight to ten times higher concentrations than in crown twigs, and Hf, Na, Sb, Sc and V five times higher. W was not detectable in the outer bark but its content in the twigs was well above the detection limit. Crown morphology, the outer bark appearance and the number of tree transpiring branches had no measurable effect on metal contents in the assessed tree organs.
机译：生物地球化学家已使用土壤金属含量与植物 金属积累之间的正相关来辅助最小露头地区的 矿物勘探。关于 扩展时间范围内的植被样本收集的影响，场地排水的影响以及植被的 选择的迫切需要的 研究介绍了植被样本类型。还评估了 的季节变异性，并测量了树冠金属 摄取量上树水 的流速（受天气条件影响），以测定确定此可变性 是否可以掩盖地球化学特征，或者是否需要对天气状况进行归一化 。研究了33种元素，包括 Au，Ag，Ni，Co，Zn和Cu。还研究了其他因素，例如树冠，树皮，树皮和树的外观。 选择黑云杉是因为其普遍存在于 北方森林中曼尼托巴中部。确定了 树冠金属累积量与树木吸水量之间的最佳一致性，对于稀土元素（REE）和必需的 元素（Ca ，K，Mg，Fe，P，Zn），它们也表现出最高的 季节变化。黑色云杉冠中pH敏感元素（Ag， 的含量与树木水分的吸收没有任何直接关系。受场地排水条件影响最 的元素包括Ag，Co，Ni，Rb， Mn和Cu。在排水良好的树木的树冠中发现这些金属的数量大大超过 。在排水良好的地方生长的外部树皮样品中的金浓度 比从排水不良的 位置收集的相同样品低12 。与 细枝相比，Au，Pb，W，Th，Na，Al的稀薄（直径最大为4 mm）浓度要大得多。 Ag和Ca优先在浓密的 树枝中积累。与 相比， 冠冠中的钾，镁，磷，锰，锌，铜，金，银，铅和钨的含量高得多。 Pb，B，Hf，Th，V和REEs在 外树皮中的浓度是冠树枝中 的八到十倍，而Hf，Na，Sb， Sc和V高五倍。 W在外皮中无法检测到，但在 嫩枝中的含量远高于检测极限。冠状形态， 外部树皮外观和树木蒸腾的数量 分支对被评估的 树木器官中的金属含量没有可测量的影响。 >

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