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Entrepreneurial public real estate policy: The case of Eiranranta, Helsinki

机译：企业家公共房地产政策：赫尔辛基Eiranranta案

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Finnish cities own a significant amount of land, and used to allocate it free of charge for schools, day care centres and libraries. Today they tend either to sell the land they own or when leasing to charge market rent. Selling public land is justified by arguing that it brings money to the city, and charging market rent is claimed to make the use of real estate more "efficient". This article investigates this new policy we call entrepreneurial public real estate policy. We focus on its justification and effects on the production of the built environment. Our case is a residential area called Eiranranta, located on the prestigious southern shore of Helsinki, where the City of Helsinki sold land to private developers who built a residential area for wealthy homeowners. Our analysis shows unintended and harmful consequences of this entrepreneurial public real estate policy. First, by selling the land to private developers who developed the area for homeowners, the City ceded its planning power with no demands that the area should include social housing. Second, by selling public land to private developers who managed to sell the apartments they built at record high prices, the City reinforced the trend of excluding from the city those who cannot enter the housing market. Lastly, a private fenced residential area exclusively for high net-worth individuals that was developed on the privatized land introduces a new type of development to Helsinki that has so far been absent in a Northern welfare city.
机译：芬兰城市拥有大量土地，过去曾免费将其分配给学校，日托中心和图书馆。如今，他们倾向于出售自己拥有的土地，或者在出租以收取市场租金时趋向于出售。出售公共土地是有理由的，理由是它为城市带来了收益，据称收取市场租金可以使房地产的使用更加“有效”。本文研究了我们称为企业家公共房地产政策的这项新政策。我们专注于其合理性和对建筑环境产生的影响。我们的案例是位于著名的赫尔辛基南部海岸的一个名为Eiranranta的住宅区，赫尔辛基市将土地出售给私人开发商，后者为富裕的房主建造了住宅区。我们的分析表明，这种企业公共房地产政策带来了意想不到的有害后果。首先，通过将土地出售给为房主开发该区域的私人开发商，纽约市放弃了其规划权，不要求该区域应包括社会住房。其次，通过将公共土地出售给设法以创纪录的高价出售所建造公寓的私人开发商，纽约市加强了将无法进入住房市场的人排除在城市之外的趋势。最后，私有化的私有围栏住宅区是在私有化土地上开发的，专门为高净值人士开发，这为赫尔辛基引入了一种新型的开发方式，迄今为止，北部福利城市还没有这种开发方式。

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