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Exploring the spatialities of technological and user re-scripting: The case of decision support tools in UK agriculture

机译：探索技术和用户重写的空间：以英国农业中的决策支持工具为例

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The use of decision support tools on-farm may help to deliver evidence-based guidance to farmers, helping to improve productivity and prevent environmental degradation. While much research has sought to increase the uptake of decision support tools in practice, largely by identifying desirable characteristics of system design, rather little work has used a spatial lens to investigate how they are actually used. Using Latour's notion of 'the script', this paper looks at the spatialities of technological and user re-scripting associated with the introduction of decision support tools on-farm. Although there is some literature on how technologies may be re-scripted by users, studies concerning decision support tools are more limited. Furthermore, while there are studies about how technology (not decision support tools) re-scripts agricultural societies, these are generally concerned with macro-level impacts (e.g. labour changes), rather than exploring life on individual farms. This paper, therefore, focuses on exploring the spatialities of re-scripting, investigating how tools themselves are co-constituted in various ways by different users in different spaces, but more particularly on how life on the farm may be changed by the introduction of decision tools. A case study of decision support tool use on farms in England and Wales demonstrates the need to explore spaces on individual farms if we wish to understand processes occurring at the interface between tools and farmers. Firstly, situated knowledge held by farmers and advisers leads to resistance, negotiation, and re-scripting of decision support tools, which are perceived to provide the 'view from nowhere'. Secondly, the introduction of decision support tools changes the workflows of farmers, affecting how and when they interact with different spaces of their farm. In signalling the need for more research to theorise the spatialities of re-scripting, we briefly explore how our work can inform policy and the development of decision support tools.
机译：在农场上使用决策支持工具可能有助于向农民提供基于证据的指导，有助于提高生产率并防止环境恶化。尽管大量研究试图通过实际确定主要的系统设计特征来增加决策支持工具的使用，但很少有工作使用空间透镜来研究其实际使用方式。本文使用拉图尔（Latour）的“脚本”概念，研究了与农场中决策支持工具的引入相关的技术和用户重写的空间。尽管有一些关于用户如何重新编写技术的文献，但是有关决策支持工具的研究却更为有限。此外，尽管研究了技术（而非决策支持工具）如何改写农业社会，但这些研究通常关注的是宏观层面的影响（例如劳动力变化），而不是探索单个农场的生活。因此，本文着重探讨重新编写脚本的空间，研究工具本身是如何由不同用户在不同空间中以各种方式共同构成的，更具体地说，是如何通过引入决策来改变农场的生活工具。一项对英格兰和威尔士农场使用决策支持工具的案例研究表明，如果我们希望了解工具与农民之间接口处发生的过程，则有必要探索单个农场的空间。首先，农民和顾问所掌握的常识导致决策支持工具的抵制，谈判和重新编写，这些被认为提供了“无处不在的观点”。其次，决策支持工具的引入改变了农民的工作流程，影响了农民与农场不同空间互动的方式和时间。在表示需要进行更多研究以理论化重新编写脚本的空间时，我们简要探讨了我们的工作如何为政策和决策支持工具的开发提供信息。

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