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Volunteered Geographic Information constructions in a contested terrain: A case of OpenStreetMap in China

机译：竞争性地形中的自愿性地理信息构造：以中国的OpenStreetMap为例

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The recent explosive growth of user-generated geographic information has drawn significant attention from GIS scholars and human geographers. Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) here refers to a key component of such a phenomenon, comprising both a range of practices of geographic information production and dissemination by volunteers as well as new forms of geospatial data produced and curated through various interactive online platforms and mobile devices such as OpenStreetMap (OSM) and Google Maps. VGI constructions have raised questions on spatial knowledge, power, and context. Through a study that examines social constructions of OSM in China, this paper makes two contributions to the existing literature: providing a political economic account of VGI constructions in China and exploring legalities in VGI research. Informed by research in critical GIS, this paper traces political economic transitions in relation to OSM constructions and examines OSM contributors' experiences and how these experiences constitute OSM development and usage. Drawing upon law and society research, this paper investigates how OSM mappers encounter the states regulatory scheme of online mapping. This legality perspective of spatial data production and usage is a topic rarely explored in VGI studies. With interview data and document analysis, this paper unravels processes of powerful state institutional arrangements to control and invest in VGI simultaneously, entrepreneurs' interest in developing location-based services using VGI data, and experiences from a tech-savvy group in exploring and making VGI. While individual experiences vary, they show efforts of questioning embedded power relations shaping spatial data production in these continuously evolving, contested technoscientific and social landscapes.
机译：用户生成的地理信息的爆炸性增长最近引起了GIS学者和人类地理学家的极大关注。自愿地理信息（VGI）是指这种现象的关键组成部分，既包括志愿者生产和传播地理信息的各种实践，也包括通过各种交互式在线平台和移动设备生成和策划的新形式的地理空间数据例如OpenStreetMap（OSM）和Google Maps。 VGI的构造提出了有关空间知识，力量和环境的问题。通过研究中国OSM的社会结构的研究，本文对现有文献做出了两点贡献：提供中国VGI结构的政治经济学解释和探索VGI研究的合法性。通过对关键GIS的研究，本文了解了与OSM建设有关的政治经济转变，并研究了OSM贡献者的经验以及这些经验如何构成OSM的开发和使用。借鉴法律和社会研究，本文研究OSM制图员如何遇到在线制图的州监管方案。空间数据生产和使用的合法性观点是VGI研究中很少探讨的话题。通过访谈数据和文档分析，本文揭示了同时控制和投资VGI的强大的国家机构安排流程，企业家对使用VGI数据开发基于位置的服务的兴趣，以及精通技术的团队在探索和制作VGI方面的经验。尽管个人经历各不相同，但它们显示出对在这些不断发展，竞争激烈的技术科学和社会环境中影响空间数据生产的嵌入式电源关系提出质疑的努力。

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