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Blueprint for breakdown? Community Based Management of rural groundwater in Uganda

机译：分解的蓝图？乌干达农村地下水的社区管理

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The belief that groundwater in rural areas is best managed according to the Community Based Management (CBM) model is the dominant paradigm across Sub-Saharan Africa. While donors and governments focus on extending the supply network to meet the post-2015 Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of universal access to clean water, at any one time a third of handpumps are non-functional. Basing our case on ethnographic fieldwork, surveys and interviews, and working closely with policy implementers over the course of three years in mid-west Uganda, we argue that non-functionality of handpumps, and the precarious status of many, cannot be blamed solely on poor technology or siting of wells: rather the problem stems from a dearth of maintenance funds and management failings. The CBM model is an uneasy coalition of ideologies from across the political spectrum that meshes neoliberal inspired commodification with theories of collective action and Common Property Resources. We demonstrate conceptually and empirically how the wings of the CBM model individually and collectively are contributing to the disappointing outcomes amid the messy complex reality of rural environments. Recommendations calling for modifying participatory processes, technological solutions and more external support all fall within the existing CBM framework, which we will empirically demonstrate is a blueprint for breakdown in these contexts. A resolution to the financing of handpump maintenance must be found if the SDG is to be realised, and we argue that academics, policy makers and practitioners need to accept this may lie outside the CBM paradigm. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：根据撒哈拉以南非洲地区，以社区为基础的管理（CBM）模式对农村地区的地下水进行最佳管理的信念是最主要的范例。尽管捐助者和政府着重于扩大供应网络，以实现普遍获得清洁水的2015年后可持续发展目标（SDG），但在任何时候，三分之一的手动泵都无法正常工作。在乌干达中西部地区，以人种学现场调查，调查和访谈为基础，并在三年的过程中与政策实施者密切合作，我们认为，不能仅将手泵的无功能性以及许多泵的不稳定状态归咎于技术不佳或井位不佳：问题出在维护资金不足和管理失灵。 CBM模型是来自各个政治领域的意识形态的不安全联盟，它将新自由主义启发的商品与集体行动和公共财产资源理论相结合。我们在概念和经验上证明了在农村环境混乱复杂的现实中，煤层气模型的各个方面和整体如何对令人失望的结果做出贡献。要求修改参与性流程，技术解决方案和更多外部支持的建议都属于现有的煤层气框架，我们将通过经验证明这是在这些情况下进行细分的蓝图。如果要实现可持续发展目标，就必须找到一项为手泵维修筹集资金的决议，而且我们认为学者，政策制定者和从业人员需要接受这一点可能超出了CBM范式。 （C）2015 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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