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Why are there cattle in the conservation area? Social barriers to biofuel governance in Brazil

机译：保护区为什么有牛？巴西生物燃料治理的社会障碍

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Amid a rapid expansion of global investments in biofuels there has been an equally rapid proliferation of concerns about the inadequacies of current governance schemes to mitigate the environmental impacts of growing agroenergy production. Managing the land use practices of small producers in a way that ensures their activities are financially and environmentally sustainable is a particularly pressing issue that has been overlooked in research on biofuel governance. I illuminate these challenges through an ethnographic study on the multiple breakdowns of environmental governance in the Southern Goias region of Brazil, a major expansion region for sugarcane ethanol production. I focus on one of the most pressing compliance issues among small and medium size sugarcane farmers; their persistent use of federally mandated conservation areas for cattle production. I find that while these transgressions are often perceived by administrators and officials as being the result of a lack of "environmental awareness" among rural farmers, they are better understood as a safety net to protect landowners against perceived risks of sugarcane production. These violations are further enabled by continuing ambiguity in the enforcement structure for conservation legislation in the region. Recalibrating regulatory systems to better address these issues of accountability and risk is a critical step toward improving environmental governance of global biofuel commodity chains.
机译：在全球对生物燃料投资的快速增长中，对当前治理计划不足以减轻农业能源生产增长对环境的影响的担忧也在迅速扩散。以确保其活动在财务和环境上可持续的方式管理小生产者的土地使用做法，是一个特别紧迫的问题，在生物燃料治理研究中已被忽视。我通过对巴西南部戈亚斯州（甘蔗乙醇生产的主要扩张地区）环境治理的多重崩溃进行的人种志研究，阐明了这些挑战。我专注于中小型甘蔗种植者最紧迫的合规性问题之一。他们持续使用联邦授权的保护区来养牛。我发现，尽管这些违法行为经常被行政管理人员和官员认为是农村农民缺乏“环境意识”的结果，但人们更好地将其理解为保护土地所有者免受甘蔗生产风险的安全网。这些违法行为在该地区保护立法的执法结构中继续存在歧义。重新校准监管系统以更好地解决这些问责制和风险问题，是改善全球生物燃料商品链环境治理的关键一步。

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