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首页> 外文期刊>Geoforum >'Agro-terrorism? The causes and consequences of the appearance of witch's broom disease in cocoa plantations of southern Bahia, Brazil'
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'Agro-terrorism? The causes and consequences of the appearance of witch's broom disease in cocoa plantations of southern Bahia, Brazil'

机译：'农业恐怖主义？巴西巴伊亚州南部可可种植园女巫扫帚病出现的原因和后果

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摘要

During the last few decades, the media, government leaders, scholars and national security analysts have all called attention to the potential threat presented by terrorism. In general, analyses have focused on the use of biological agents to kill or injure people. Consequently, the intentional contamination of crops by biological agents has received less attention in the media and counter-terrorism efforts when compared to possible attacks on civilian populations. However, in many countries, agricultural systems are one of the main economic sectors contributing to political stability, and the present literature lacks examples of terrorist attacks to agricultural systems. This paper is one of the first to discuss a concrete case of the appearance of a plant pathogen in an economically important region, possibly motivated by agro-terrorism. We highlight the differences between agro-terrorism and biocrime, and the causes and the consequences of the intentional introduction of pathogens as a means of causing economic damage. In particular, we argue that agro-terrorism and biocrime are both intentional criminal acts of introducing pathogens into agricultural systems to cause economic damage, but only agro-terrorism does so to advance a political agenda. Also, we argue that agro-terrorism can be difficult to distinguish from biocrime, and even if the intentional introduction of a pathogen is a political act of agro-terrorism, the consequences may or may not follow the desired script contemplated by the perpetrators, as pest outbreaks can entrain unintended economic, political and ecological consequences.
机译：在过去的几十年中，媒体，政府领导人，学者和国家安全分析人员都呼吁人们注意恐怖主义带来的潜在威胁。通常，分析集中在使用生物制剂杀死或伤害人的方面。因此，与可能对平民人口的袭击相比，生物媒介对农作物的故意污染在媒体和反恐工作中受到的关注较少。但是，在许多国家中，农业系统是促成政治稳定的主要经济部门之一，目前的文献中没有关于对农业系统进行恐怖袭击的例子。本文是第一个讨论在经济上重要地区出现植物病原体外观的具体案例之一，可能是由农业恐怖主义引起的。我们强调了农业恐怖主义与生物犯罪之间的区别，以及故意引入病原体作为造成经济损害的手段的原因和后果。特别是，我们认为，农业恐怖主义和生物犯罪都是将病原体引入农业系统以造成经济损害的故意犯罪行为，但只有农业恐怖主义这样做才能推进政治议程。同样，我们认为，农业恐怖主义可能很难与生物犯罪区分开，即使故意引入病原体是农业恐怖主义的政治行为，其后果可能也可能不会遵循犯罪者设想的预期脚本，例如有害生物的爆发可能会带来意想不到的经济，政治和生态后果。

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