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Urban land transformation for pro-poor economies

机译：扶贫经济的城市土地转型

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The transformation of land into a setting for clustering local economies can become an important cornerstone of poverty policy. This transformation has several functional aspects, which in turn have important institutional and political aspects. Underlying both the functional and institutional factors is the role of local government and local democracy. Such a conceptualization puts to center Stage several paradoxes: A terrain that seems "slum-like" turns out to be highly productive and employment generating. Complex tenure forms and mixed land use seen as "unplanned" turn out to be pre-requisites for economic development. There are institutional paradoxes that contrast efforts at "transparency" and managerial "best practices". Here, the messiness of local bureaucracies in municipal government turns out to be critical for poor groups to influence interventions in their favor. Influencing the public process may be more effective in stealth-like ways rather taking a more visible approach. Most fundamentally these issues remind us that the potential of cities to reinforce or reduce poverty moved far beyond projects and programs and the normative frameworks used by planners and administrators. Instead, it is the transformative process of turning land into economic settings that might be at the center stage. This is a stage where poor groups are the central actors who stealth-like draw on complex alliances across ethnic and class lines to shapes cities in their interests.
机译：将土地转变为集聚地方经济的环境可以成为贫困政策的重要基石。这种转变具有几个职能方面，而这些职能方面又具有重要的体制和政治方面。功能和制度因素的基础是地方政府和地方民主的作用。这样的概念化将几个悖论置于中心位置：看起来像“贫民窟”的地形事实证明是高产且创造就业机会。复杂的权属形式和被认为是“无计划的”土地混合利用最终成为经济发展的先决条件。有些制度悖论使“透明”和管理“最佳实践”的努力形成对比。在这里，事实证明，市政府中的官僚机构混乱不堪，对于贫困群体影响有利于他们的干预措施至关重要。以类似隐身的方式来影响公共流程可能会更有效，而不是采取更明显的方法。从根本上讲，这些问题提醒我们，城市增强或减少贫困的潜力已远远超出了规划人员和管理人员所使用的项目和计划以及规范性框架。取而代之的是，将土地转变为经济环境的转型过程可能处于核心阶段。在这个阶段，贫困群体是中央行动者，他们像种族一样秘密地利用跨越种族和阶级界限的复杂联盟来塑造符合其利益的城市。

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