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Changing energy geographies: The political effects of a small-scale electrification project

机译：不断变化的能源地理：小型电气化项目的政治影响

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This article contributes theoretically and empirically to our understanding about how a transition to 'modern and sustainable energy for all' may reconfigure the life of citizens who live 'outside the grid' in rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa. My inquiry is inspired by the question posed by James Ferguson and Tania Murray Li: what do development schemes do? I analyse a renewable energy pilot project in Tanzania that was implemented by an NGO, which eventually failed to continue its service delivery but still produced important effects. Conceptually, I build on and extend previous arguments about how development projects produce depoliticizing effects, have ambiguous effects, and reproduce unequal relations of power. Building on feminist and sociotechnical relational approaches to power, I identify when and where in the encounter between energy project and local community that these, and other, effects emerge. Case study data was collected by qualitative methodology, and consists of project documentation, observation, and interviews with actors involved. The study shows how particular material, social, emotional, and economic effects emerged from the encounter between the project and local society. Feedback between technical problems, financial difficulties, and social tensions created a downward spiral resulting in system failure. It had negative effects on the credibility of actors and on trust relations. I argue that asking what decentralized electrification schemes actually 'do' can provide insight relevant to energy geography, as the focus on effects reveals the sociotechnical and political relations through which electricity becomes possible and how it may reconfigure local places. The case study shows why and how a small-scale, renewable energy project only temporarily repositioned actors and places, produced ambiguous effects, and maintained unequal power relations.
机译：本文从理论上和经验上为我们对“向所有人提供现代和可持续能源”的过渡如何重新配置​​撒哈拉以南非洲农村社区“网格外”居民的生活方式的理解做出了贡献。我的询问受到James Ferguson和Tania Murray Li提出的问题的启发：发展计划有什么作用？我分析了一个非政府组织在坦桑尼亚实施的可再生能源试点项目，该项目最终未能继续提供服务，但仍产生了重要影响。从概念上讲，我以先前关于开发项目如何产生去政治化的影响，产生歧义的影响以及再现不平等的权力关系的论点为基础并加以扩展。在女性主义和社会技术的权力关系方法的基础上，我确定了能源项目与当地社区之间在何时何地会遇到这些以及其他影响。案例研究数据是通过定性方法收集的，包括项目文档，观察和与相关参与者的访谈。研究表明，项目与当地社会之间的相遇如何产生了特殊的物质，社会，情感和经济影响。技术问题，财务困难和社会紧张局势之间的反馈造成了螺旋式下降，从而导致系统故障。它对行为者的信誉和信任关系产生了负面影响。我争辩说，去中心化电气化方案的实际作用是什么可以提供与能源地理相关的见解，因为对效果的关注揭示了电力成为可能的社会技术和政治关系，以及如何通过电力来重新构造当地。案例研究表明，为什么以及如何进行一个小型可再生能源项目，只是临时地重新安置了参与者和场所，产生了模棱两可的影响，并维持了不平等的权力关系。

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