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Notes on the political ecology of time: Temporal aspects of nature and conservation in a South African World Heritage Site

机译：关于时间的政治生态学的注释：南非世界遗产中自然与保护的时间方面

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摘要

While political ecology has long documented struggles over conservation spaces, little attention has been paid to the temporal aspects of these struggles. Conservation areas are often described as timeless, and the protection of timeless nature has been used as an argument to legitimize the dispossession of land from rural populations. Timelessness, however, is not just imposed on landscapes. It is the end result of complex mediations of contradictory temporalities that each establish different relationships between the future, the past, and the present. Drawing on the author's material on the struggle over the Dukuduku Forest, bordering South Africa's first UNESCO World Heritage Site, this article examines the temporal aspects of that struggle. An examination of the contestation surrounding the park alerts us to the importance of time and temporal processes in political ecology analyses. Specifically, the case shows that the future has repercussions on the present through anticipation, and that political struggles, over which realities are allowed to emerge, are deeply entangled, temporal processes fraught with contradictions. This article therefore constitutes a call for paying closer attention to temporal processes in political ecology analyses.
机译：政治生态学早已记录在保护空间方面进行了斗争，但对这些斗争的时间方面却很少关注。保护区通常被描述为永恒的，而对永恒性的保护已被用作使从农村人口处分土地合法化的论据。但是，永恒性不仅限于景观。矛盾的时间的复杂调解的最终结果是，每一个在未来，过去和现在之间建立了不同的关系。本文基于作者在与南非第一个联合国教科文组织世界遗产地接壤的杜库杜库森林（Dukuduku Forest）上进行斗争的材料，探讨了这场斗争的时间方面。对公园周围竞赛的检查使我们意识到时间和时间过程在政治生态学分析中的重要性。具体而言，该案例表明，未来通过预期对当前产生了影响，而允许现实出现的政治斗争则深深地纠缠在一起，时间进程充满了矛盾。因此，本文呼吁在政治生态学分析中更加关注时间过程。

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