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首页> 外文期刊>Geografiska Annaler. B, Human Geography >LABOUR AND LANDSCAPES: THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF LANDESQUE CAPITAL IN NINETEENTH CENTURY TANGANYIKA
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LABOUR AND LANDSCAPES: THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF LANDESQUE CAPITAL IN NINETEENTH CENTURY TANGANYIKA

机译：劳动和景观：十九世纪的坦ANY尼喀州的资本主义资本主义政治经济

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In a long-term and global perspective irrigated and terraced landscapes, landesque capital, have often been assumed to be closely associated with hierarchical political systems. However, research is accumulating that shows how kinship-based societies (including small chiefdoms) have also been responsible for constructing landesque capital without population pressure. We examine the political economy of landesque capital through the intersections of decentralized politics and regional economies. A crucial question guiding our research is why some kinship-based societies chose to invest their labour in landesque capital while others did not. Our analysis is based on a detailed examination of four relatively densely populated communities in late pre-colonial and early colonial Tanzania. By analysing labour processes as contingent and separate from political types of generalized economic systems over time we can identify the causal factors that direct labour and thus landscape formation as a process. The general conclusion of our investigation is that landesque investments occurred in cases where agriculture was the main source of long-term wealth flow irrespective of whether or not hierarchical political systems were present. However, while this factor may be a necessary condition it is not a sufficient cause. In the cases we examined, the configurations of world-systems connections and local social and economic circumstances combined to either produce investments in landesque capital or to pursue short-term strategies of extraction.
机译：从长期和全球角度看，灌溉和梯田景观，地势资本通常被认为与等级制度密切相关。但是，越来越多的研究表明，在没有人口压力的情况下，基于血族的社会（包括小酋长国）也如何负责建设地势资本。我们通过权力下放的政治与区域经济的交集来考察地道资本的政治经济。指导我们研究的一个关键问题是，为什么有些以血缘关系为基础的社会选择将其劳动投资于地域资本，而另一些却没有。我们的分析基于对殖民地前晚期和早期殖民地坦桑尼亚的四个人口相对稠密的社区的详细检查。通过分析随时间变化的劳动过程，并将其与广义经济体系的政治类型分开，我们可以确定引导劳动并因此将景观形成为过程的因果因素。我们的调查的总体结论是，不管是否存在等级制度的政治体制，在农业是长期财富流动的主要来源的情况下进行的地方投资都是如此。但是，尽管该因素可能是必要条件，但这并不是充分的原因。在我们研究的案例中，世界系统联系的配置以及当地的社会和经济环境相结合，要么产生了对原始资本的投资，要么追求了短期的提取策略。

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