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首页> 外文期刊>Geomorphology >Slope-channel coupling in steepland terrain: A field-based conceptual model from the Tarndale gully and fan, Waipaoa catchment, New Zealand
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Slope-channel coupling in steepland terrain: A field-based conceptual model from the Tarndale gully and fan, Waipaoa catchment, New Zealand

机译：陡坡地形中的坡道耦合：来自新西兰怀波阿流域塔恩代尔沟壑和风扇的基于实地的概念模型

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摘要

Connectivity between an actively eroding gully complex and upper Waipaoa catchment via a steep, 1-km-long alluvial fan is assessed using digital elevation models (DEMs) of the Tarndale fan derived from 10 high resolution GPS surveys between 2004 and 2008. Repeat DEM analysis provides a means of assessing transfer of sediment supplied from the Tarndale gully through the fan to the Te Weraroa Stream and thus inferring connectivity between these landscape components from which a conceptual coupling model is derived. Analysis indicates the operation of two critical junction switches at the (i) gully-fan and (ii) fan-stream nexus, which contribute to considerable complexity in patterns of erosion and deposition on the fan as it responds to sediment supply or starvation from the Tarndale gully and evacuation to the Te Weraroa Stream (described in Fuller and Marden, 2010). The fan does not respond as a coherent unit. Each of six fan feeder tributaries behaves independently according to sediment supplied from six discrete source areas within the gully complex. This reflects sediment production within specific activity zones of Tarndale Gully. Mass movements, triggered by single rainstorm events and/or wet periods contingent upon sediment availability and intrinsic slope mechanics, frequently deliver sediment to the upper fan tributaries. This enhanced gully-fan coupling during storms or wetter periods promotes rapid fan aggradation, with each feeder tributary responding to its discrete source zone. Infilling may propagate down fan in response to upper fan incision once the gully-fan switch deactivates, transferring sediment as far as the Te Weraroa Stream, coupling the fan with the stream system. Floods generated in the Te Weraroa Stream may also activate the junction switch at the fan-stream nexus by trimming the lower fan, prompting up-fan incision via head-cutting in response to changed local base level. Slope-channel coupling in this environment is a function of a range of slope and channel processes responding to discrete storms and intrinsic gully dynamics. The high rates of geomorphic activity in this environment mean the Tarndale system provides a natural laboratory in which to assess key slope-channel coupling processes beyond the plot or discrete event scale.
机译：使用从2004年至2008年进行的10次高分辨率GPS测量得出的塔恩代尔扇的数字高程模型（DEM），评估通过一个陡峭的，长1公里的冲积扇，一个正在侵蚀的沟壑复杂区和上Waipaoa集水区之间的连通性。重复DEM分析提供了一种方法，可以评估从塔恩代尔河谷供应的沉积物通过风扇向Te Weraroa河的转移，从而推断出这些景观要素之间的连通性，从而得出概念性耦合模型。分析表明，在（i）沟扇和（ii）扇流联系处有两个关键的结点开关运行，这对风扇的侵蚀和沉积模式造成了相当大的复杂性，因为它响应沉积物的供应或饥饿。塔恩代尔沟壑和疏散到Te Weraroa溪流（在Fuller和Marden，2010年进行了描述）。风扇不作为连贯单元响应。六个扇形支线支流中的每个支流根据来自沟渠内六个离散源区的沉积物独立运行。这反映了塔恩代尔谷地特定活动区内的沉积物产生。由单个暴雨事件和/或潮湿时段触发的质量运动取决于沉积物的可利用性和固有的边坡力学，经常将沉积物输送到上扇支流。在暴风雨或湿润时期，这种增强的沟谷风扇耦合作用促进了风扇的快速凝集，每个支流支流都对其离散的源区做出响应。一旦沟壑风扇开关停用，填充物可能会响应上部风扇切口而向下传播，从而将沉积物转移到Te Weraroa溪流，并将风扇与溪流系统耦合。在Te Weraroa溪流中产生的洪水还可能会通过修整下部风扇，响应于当地基本水位的变化而通过截割来促进向上的扇形切口，从而激活风扇溪流连接处的路口开关。在这种环境下，坡道与通道的耦合是一定范围的坡度和通道过程的函数，这些过程响应离散的风暴和固有的沟壑动力学。在这种环境下，高地貌活动率很高，这意味着塔恩代尔系统提供了一个自然的实验室，可以在其中评估地块或离散事件规模以外的关键斜坡-通道耦合过程。

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