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首页> 外文期刊>Geothermics >Linkages between hydrothermal alteration, natural fractures, and permeability: Integration of borehole data for reservoir characterization at the Fallon FORGE EGS site, Nevada, USA
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Linkages between hydrothermal alteration, natural fractures, and permeability: Integration of borehole data for reservoir characterization at the Fallon FORGE EGS site, Nevada, USA

机译：水热改变，自然裂缝和渗透率之间的联系：储层数据的钻孔数据集成在Farpon Forge Egs网站，USVA，USA

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Between 2015 and 2018, the Fallon FORGE EGS (Engineered or Enhanced Geothermal System) site in Churchill County, Nevada, USA, underwent detailed geoscientific characterization to evaluate its suitability to operate as a field demonstration site to test and develop EGS technologies. This included the compilation, synthesis and acquisition of geophysical, geological, geochemical, hydrological, down-hole log, and mineralogy datasets. Site activities culminated in the drilling of a 2481 m-deep EGS observation well (21-31) to further verify the geology and rock properties of the proposed EGS reservoir formations, which are older than the Miocene and include felsic intrusions, felsic volcanics, and meta-sedimentary lithologies. In this paper, we integrate and evaluate borehole data from well 21-31, including drill cuttings and sidewall cores (petrographic, XRD, hyperspectral), wireline geophysical logs (e.g., gamma, neutron porosity, resistivity, sonic scanner), borehole imagers (FMI, BHTV), and pressure and temperature logs. Hydrothermal alteration and veining is found throughout the entire pre-Miocene interval of well 21-31, and includes epidote mineral assemblages that suggest past temperatures 250 degrees C. This is higher than the hottest measured equilibrated temperature at similar depths in other wells on the FORGE site today, and suggests that the system was higher temperature in the past. Overall lithologic variability is high, with volcanic, intrusive, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks present in the bottom 700 m of the well. Natural fractures are abundant throughout the pre-Miocene section, but are more frequent in the felsic intrusive and felsic volcanic lithologies. The dominant orientation of these natural fractures observed in FMI logs is NNE-SSW with an average strike of 010 degrees +/- 40 degrees, subparallel to the interpreted SHmax orientation of 009 degrees +/- 14 degrees that is indicated by drilling-induced structures in the wellbore in the BHTV log. Therefore, natural fractures appear optimally oriented for reactivation via hydraulic stimulation. Mud loss locations and a non-equilibrated temperature log suggest that there are some zones with relatively-higher permeability and/or open fractures. However injection test results indicate an injectivity index of 0.025 L/min/kPa, which is an order of magnitude lower than a typical threshold for commercial wells. Analytical modeling of injection test results indicate that the majority of the well is low permeability ( 10(-16) m(2)), with some discrete, localized zones of higher permeability (similar to 10(-12) m(2), less than 0.5 percent of the pre-Miocene (deep) section intersected by the well).
机译：2015年至2018年间，美国内华达州丘吉尔县的Frenton Forge Egs（工程或增强的地热系统）现场接受了详细的地球科学表征，以评估其作为现场演示现场运营的适用性，以测试和开发EGS技术。这包括汇编，综合和收购地球物理，地质，地球化学，水文，井下孔对数和矿物学数据集。在钻孔中钻探2481 M- egs观察井（21-31）的现场活动，以进一步验证所提出的EGS储层形成的地质和岩石性质，这些储层形成比中生老龄于中生，包括肠外疾病，猫科动物和元沉积岩性。在本文中，我们从21-31井中整合和评估钻孔数据，包括钻杆和侧壁核心（岩晶，XRD，高光谱），有线地球物理原木（例如，伽玛，中子孔隙度，电阻率，声波扫描仪），钻孔成像仪（ FMI，BHTV）和压力和温度日志。在整个21-31井中的整个预先进程间隔中发现了水热改变和脉冲，并且包括表现出过去的温度250℃的ePiatote矿物组合。这高于锻造上的其他孔中类似深度的最热门测量的平衡温度现场今天，并表明系统过去的温度较高。整体岩性变异性高，具有火山，侵扰性，变质和沉积岩，井中的700米700米。固体骨折的自然骨折较为丰富，但在肠外侵入性和肠道火山岩中更频繁。在FMI日志中观察到这些自然骨折的主导取向是NNE-SSW，平均击球为010度+/- 40度，并行为009度+/- 14度的解释的Shmax方向，这是由钻孔诱导的结构表示的在BHTV日志中的井筒中。因此，通过液压刺激最佳地呈现自然骨折以进行再激活。泥浆损耗位置和非平衡的温度日志表明，有一些具有相对较高的渗透性和/或打开裂缝的区域。然而，注射试验结果表明0.025L / min / KPa的注射指数，这是商业井的典型阈值的数量级。注射试验结果的分析建模表明大多数井是低渗透率（<10（ - 16）m（2）），具有一些离散的，透渗透性的离散区域（类似于10（-12）m（2） ，小于由井相交的前海烯（深）部分的0.5％）。

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