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The Myth of the All-Destructive War: Afterthoughts on German Suffering, 1618–1648*

机译：全毁灭性战争的神话：对德意志苦难的追思，1618年至1648年*

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摘要

Like perhaps no other military struggle in German history, the Thirty Years War exemplifies a conflagration largely defined by immense suffering. It offers an optimal testcase for the analysis of suffering as an emotional category by historians. In the twentieth century, some (such as Dame C.V. Wedgewood or the SS officer Günther Franz) employed a political frame of reference to more recent events in German history. One of the inadequacies of this interpretative framework is its tendency to moralize and over-simplify the roles of victims and perpetrators. In fact, we now recognize that most suffering during the Thirty Years War related only indirectly to military conflict, resulting instead from economic disaster, famine and disease. As a direct outcome of the war, rape poignantly illustrates methodological difficulties facing historians of suffering, given the patriarchal character of seventeenth-century society. The present historiography overcomes a variety of obstacles through micro-historic methods employing so-called ego-documents and Selbstzeugnisse. Theoretically, William Reddy’s exploration of hyperbolic sentimentality during the French Revolution may offer us a better analytical framework for understanding suffering during the Thirty Years War. In our case, a hyperbolic sensitivity to suffering shared by victims and non-victims alike contributed to the cessation of hostilities at Münster/Osnabrück and enshrined principles of sovereignty and religious tolerance in the Western political vocabulary. Thus elevated, the mechanisms of emotional suffering assume a central explanatory role in our understanding of the Thirty Years War.
机译：也许像德国历史上没有其他军事斗争一样，三十年战争还是一场大火，这场大火主要是由巨大的苦难定义的。它为历史学家将痛苦作为一种情感类别进行分析提供了一个最佳的测试用例。在20世纪，一些人（例如Dame C.V. Wedgewood或党卫军军官GüntherFranz）采用了参照德国历史上最近事件的政治框架。该解释框架的不足之处之一是它趋于道德化和过分简化受害者和犯罪者的作用。实际上，我们现在已经认识到，三十年战争中的大多数苦难只是间接地与军事冲突有关，而不是由经济灾难，饥荒和疾病引起的。作为战争的直接结果，鉴于十七世纪社会的父权制，强奸有力地说明了历史学家遭受苦难的方法论上的困难。当前的史学通过使用所谓的自我文档和Selbstzeugnisse的微观历史方法克服了各种障碍。从理论上讲，威廉·雷迪（William Reddy）对法国大革命期间双曲线感性的探索可能为我们提供更好的分析框架，以了解三十年战争期间的苦难。在我们的案例中，受害人和非受害人共同遭受苦难的双曲线敏感性导致明斯特/奥斯纳布吕克停止敌对行动，并在西方政治词汇中体现了主权和宗教宽容原则。因此，情感苦难的机制在我们对三十年战争的理解中起着核心的解释性作用。

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  • 来源
    《German History》 |2011年第3期|p.380-403|共24页
  • 作者

    David Lederer;

  • 作者单位

    National University of Ireland, Maynooth;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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