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首页> 外文期刊>German History >‘Out of the Huts Emerged a Settled People’: Community-Building in West German Refugee Camps
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‘Out of the Huts Emerged a Settled People’: Community-Building in West German Refugee Camps

机译：“小屋之外，有一个定居者”：西德难民营的社区建设

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摘要

Between 1944 and 1958, the western zones of Germany had to absorb over nine million refugees who had fled or been expelled from their homes east of the Oder-Neiße rivers or had left the Soviet zone. Owing to these large numbers and the catastrophic housing conditions, many had to spend varying periods of time in camps. This article looks at refugee camps for German refugees in three West German Länder to examine the extent to which community-building can be seen to have taken place between 1945 and 1960. The development of the refugee camp phenomenon is traced, from the initial policies to ensure a quick turn-around, to the transformation of many camps into Wohnlager, providing facilities for everyday living, social events and employment. Perceptions of outsiders are analysed and found to show that they were rarely able to recognize instances of community growth. This may be largely explained by political considerations and concern over the social effects of living in a refugee camp environment. Finally, the article turns to Camp Poxdorf/Hagenau in Mid-Franconia to demonstrate how a refugee settlement with a thriving social life was able to emerge from an unremarkable hut camp. The conclusion places the refugee camps in the wider context of the postwar history of the FRG, arguing that fears surrounding ‘asocials’ in camps reflected wider fears about society, but, like the rest of the population, refugee camp residents were working towards achieving a state of normality. Camp communities can be seen to have aided integration by providing an environment where the residents could get used to their situation and look to the future.
机译：从1944年到1958年，德国西部地区不得不吸收超过900万难民，这些难民是在奥德河内河以东逃离家园或被驱逐出家园或离开苏维埃地区的。由于人数众多，住房条件灾难性，许多人不得不在营地中度过不同的时间。本文着眼于在三个西德州的德国难民的难民营，以考察在1945年至1960年之间社区建设的程度。从最初的政策到确保快速周转，将许多营地转变为Wohnlager，为日常生活，社交活动和就业提供便利。分析并发现对外部人的看法表明，他们很少能够认识到社区发展的情况。政治上的考虑和对生活在难民营环境中的社会影响的关注可能在很大程度上解释了这一点。最后，文章转向中弗兰肯尼亚州的Poxdorf / Hagenau营地，以展示一个社会生活蓬勃发展的难民定居点如何能够从一个平凡的小屋营地中脱颖而出。该结论将难民营置于战后联邦革命战争历史的更广泛的背景下，认为难民营中围绕“协会”的恐惧反映出人们对社会的更广泛的恐惧，但与其他人口一样，难民营的居民也在努力实现“难民”。正常状态。可以看到，营地社区通过提供一个使居民能够适应其状况并展望未来的环境，帮助融入了社区。

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  • 来源
    《German History》 |2010年第1期|p.21-43|共23页
  • 作者

    Meryn McLaren;

  • 作者单位

    University of Sheffield;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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